Small box of thinking

(This is the society of the world, roughly divided, such as Japan, the same quality that values the sense of unity with each other ( integrated ) prefer and society, from being arbitrarily self-assertion of separate ideas that each other is different in the United States heterogeneous ( apart ) in society, it is what was considered to be classified.)

Human beings, thinking, behavior, and the same as the other party, born sense of unity with each other, different and, discomfort and conflicts are born each other.

Paternal dry society such as the United States, individuals apart, a separate, while holding the color of different thinking, unique personality to each other, nothing as it is jumble without thinking, in which, each person freely to each other it is a society in which loudly perform a discordant self-assertion.

This is, "heterogeneous society, apart society (society of difference) can be termed a".

On the other hand, Japan and as East Asia, maternal wet society, minimizing the disparate parts of each person, by tuning to match their commonly considered, fused to one, the same as each other respect for made it to, or, is a society that values the sense of unity and harmony as a whole. That is, each other, a community that values to tune dyed the same color.

This is a "homogeneous society (Society Of Sameness) , integrated society (society of oneness) can be termed a".

For improvement of selfishness and social services

2003.3 first appearance

(Conventional, selfishness, as are thinking only of yourself, the recharge of the public spirit has been seen as being in the remote station. The author, denied such a thought, selfishness is what, in the general society is the driving force of the service level improvement, we argue that.)

1. Introduction

Conventional, selfishness ( tend to think only of yourself ) is on the opposite station and recharge of the public mind, be considered as undesirable concept ( especially in Japan ) were many.

But, come to think a little deeper, in fact, selfishness, greatly contributes to improve services and public welfare of the entire society, it can be seen in those with a positive value.

Trying to show the reason below.

2. and human as a biological "self-interest"

Man is a kind of biological, basically, we embrace the only interested in becoming a profit in order to continue to survive as an organism.

As a matter of this kind of thing, such a thing is not, for example, religious people of the world will throw away the self-interest are praying for "God", are doing for the sake of others, it will come out soon person out what I described right. However, Come to me think about it, in fact, so too the "virtuous unparalleled" religious people, after death, an attempt is made to obtain eternal life in the survived easy environment comfortable rather than a heaven-paradise, purpose very "selfish" for, this world of temporary turn out to be not only to "throw away".

Human being "selfish" Nanoha, a course of nature as a biological, separately, that the "selfish", not gratuitous, which is blame to anyone. It a selfish thing, as proof is a biological, otherwise ashamed of it without, is should I Ikire proudly with confidence.

3. genetic and cultural "products" and "survival quality"

Human beings, as organisms, their genetic, cultural replication ( hereinafter, collectively "products (products) will be referred to as a" ) is,

(1) Multi-of number number made from. It does not, that the spread between more people

(2) the length of time that a descendant, over multiple generations, will live longer

Hope, toward its realization, pay a maximum of "selfish" effort.

By the way, with its own genetic duplication is that of offspring that can have sex, and cultural duplication, he learned from others, or created by their own originality, the article of manufacture in which getting them to others , crops, is that of service. "Product" as a cultural descendants of each individual, for example, if there even if there is a shape as consumer electronics products, or "recipe" of confectionery to make the confectioner, such as "service know-how" in the call center, there is also a case of intangible.

Become subject to the survival of the future generations, genetic son, daughter, as well as cultural work to be with their own living proof ( from literary works ranging from the industrial products, what the human nervous system produce ) it is all. They ( they ) are referred to all the "product" in this place is.

In order to achieve the above goals, dont poor quality of their own to generate "product". The quality of the product height, it is, according to the either help much to the survival of the individual. It can be expressed in terms of "survival quality".

Ease useful on the survival of the individual, i.e. a "survival quality", for example, ease of use, long-lasting ease, and the like nutritional value of height.

In In such "survival quality" surface, capacity, and create a "product" of the self-replicating inferior in terms of performance, not left to future generations as their own living testimony, would cut off. It is, do not lend themselves to survival "product", if for example "product" is of household goods, nobody do not you use ( in severe cases, trash direct Toka ) for, to become immediately to forgotten, or "product in the case of a man who "is living, for anyone not willing to pay a price necessary for the survival against him, it is not possible to survive.

Thus, each individual is a Ki doing to improve the quality of the "product" to be generated.

For example, for children as their own genetic "product", subjected to more advanced education, to be easy to obtain the means to survive.

Alternatively, the idea in my head, to no, summon up as much of the hand of the movement of skills, higher-quality cultural "product" ( precise camera, easy-to-use toothbrush, and delicious meal of reputation ) create a, pushes away the product group other that are already floating around, a lot of the world, causes the more long-term distribution.

As a result, between individuals, relentless competition in the "product" quality surface is born, more and more advance improvement and cost reduction of quality.

As a result, the distribution to the public "product" is a high-performance at low cost, public life and welfare level can be improved. In other words, everyone is more likely to survive.

Individuals of "a lot of their products, want to let go on living long" action based on a veritable selfishness that is, results in society as a whole of life level improvement, or so that has helped to improve public welfare.

Such a point, selfishness of each individual, for society of the public, by no means should be avoided, it is to have one side should welcome rather. So to speak, it is the individual's selfishness becomes the driving force of the level improvement of society - public service.

4. the "selfishness" generation of social and organization

These "self-interest" is, it is also certainly is indispensable to the development of society and organizations. This is because, rather than trying to Konaso all all of that alone, is better to division of labor by taking advantage of their good field a team, because the higher the survival quality "product" is Umidaseru.

From the thought of their own and want to make a better copy of their own, it strives to actively team, to make division of labor. The composition of such a team, small organizations create, further combine form with each other in a way that they involve a large number of people, it is going to lead to the construction of major social-nation.

Was Deki done so, the team is that small organizations - big society, imperceptibly common destiny for the member community acts as a, as a source to foster a psychological sense of unity. Members that is help each other, is the beginning of the sense of unity is to try to maintain the state to work effectively as a team.

After all, the original, organization - society was the product of individual selfishness is always made to act as a psychological cornerstone of individuals.

Communication-type man with the traffic type human

2003.3 first appearance

[ Summary ]

Human classification in the society, large, divided prefer the physical movement as "traffic type", and would without the physical movement Sumaseyo in communication errands of one way and "communication type". There are "mobile type" human as having both the characteristics of both, considered.

[ Text ]

Human beings in the society is greater, of the "traffic type" and "communication type" 2 and divided into type, the author believes.

Here, the "traffic type" human beings, automobile or train, is that of here and there go out of love is the type of man on foot. Vacation in the tourist areas, mountain climbing, such as temples pilgrimage, of a type that prefer the movement of physical space.

On the other hand, the "communication type" person, Internet banking, or to take advantage of mail order, or by the work-at-home, without leaving from home, to take advantage of the communication dispense most of the errands, most of the physical space movement is a type prefer not to.

Traditionally, human "communication type", because it does not Dearuka too much to the outside, there was to be subject to, such as if it is a pathological treated as a "withdrawal". However, in practice, "communication type" human beings, to the psychological, are moving around actively.

For example, if you enjoy surfing the net, but the physical is not stuck in continued Zuttoi at home, the personal computer screen, in the net surfing, has repeatedly to be directly connected to the around of the world server and than, than such a point, enjoy surfing the net "communication type" man is the also said to be a stranger to travel around the world in an instant.

Described above, for both the "traffic type" and "communication type" human characteristics, "move ( mobile ) is a human communication type". More specifically, while move around in the transportation or on foot, in each case, or talk with others on a mobile phone, a people who prefer to or to the Internet connection.

When I this way thinking, from the above description,

(1) "traffic pure type" physical movement prefer only, do not like the communication.

(2) "Communication pure form" not like physical movement, dispense all communication.

(3) "mobile communication type = transport and communications dual-mode" also physical movement, communication also both prefer.

So on, it can be further classified.

Once upon a time the telephone and the Internet has not spread, it can be said that human beings there were many "traffic type". However, they also not the case Speaking of or did not use any communication, by mail, considered it was often for the exchange of the other party and the letter of the remote locations.

Mobile phone is popular now, (3) is "mobile communication type" human beings, might greater percentage of the total is the best. Clearly you doing, along with the high-speed communication lines that are representative to the optical fiber network to spread, it would be gradually are increasing the total number of human "communication type". That amount, "traffic type" human beings, might be on the decline. This trend is, work from the attendance to the city office, it is considered that it would be further accelerated by the transition to telecommuting.

In addition, in the present circumstances, "traffic only ," "communication only it is impossible to live in", in some kind of shape, it becomes necessary to composite the two. For example, when you Sumaseyo in communication the things one way "communication pure type" man, originally when the courier or postman = "traffic type" person to perform the physical movement of luggage, such as mail-order goods does not exist not satisfied.

For ○ next generation communication society

(This is, if the way is or becomes society advanced communications environment has been established, the phenomenon such as the ubiquitous of the city (center), is what was discussed. I which was quite previously written, the current thriving a ubiquitous society theory has become ahead of the contents.)

Changes in the space connecting function and social communication

[table of contents]

1. Introduction (space linking function)

2. Reduction of territorial (regional and local resistance)

3. Equalization of population distribution

4. The equivalent of any of the point with the "location free"

5. Universalization of any point

6. Ubiquity of the city (center)

7. Ubiquitous national

8. Optimization of residence, work location

9. Immobilization of life

10. Conclusion (the need of communication limits and traffic)

1. Introduction (space linking function)

Discussion of the relationship between conventional communication and society,

(1) "Information Society" theory, that is, that emphasis on the surface of what conveys using a communication line, flows over the communication line of information (transmission content). It expand the amount of information flowing over the communications network is intended to point out the diversity, where the viewpoint is placed in the "information" itself flowing on the communication line ([Yoshii 1996 ], etc.).

(2) "broadcasting and communication media" theory, that is, in the both ends of the communication line, broadcasting and communication equipment (telephone, TV, etc.) to interface with the user that an emphasis on the surface of the used is how the ([Yoshimi other 1992 ], etc.).

(3) "social communication" theory, namely, that an emphasis on the surface of the communication ® down the nature of the person and the person who is achieved by using a communication (such as the study of the network community, which is formed by a personal computer communication ) ([Ikeda 1997 ], etc.).

It was the mainstream.

This paper, unlike the above aspect, the nature of the communication, in which from the viewpoint in binding between get separated geographic space from each other, summarizes the changes in the social way due to the sophistication of the communication.

In this paper, no particularly treated for the content of information flowing on a communication network. Traversing information flowing on the communication line in real time, it puts the viewpoint of the fact that different links the space between, eliminating sense of distance. Together, by connecting a communication line complexly, between a plurality of people are coupled in equal to the distance simultaneously zero. This is an important aspect of the functions of communication, I think of.

Communications have function, the function should be called even a "spatial coupling function" in other words to connect and combine physical and geographical space between spaced from each other. In other words, communication is, can have in any long distance from each other, and once connected, does not give at all feel the distance. That is, between physical exactly two distant points on, as if being in the same point stuck to each other, it is possible to feel.

Two different points bond between occurs by delivering the specific information with each point to point in an amount sufficient only to each other party on line. Are closely linked to the development of solid and information of spatial coupling functions of communication. However, in the discussion relating to the communication of the up to now, it hits the spot just to the contents and the amount of information flowing through the line, there is a Kirai that was not no concern about the function of the space consolidated.

"Spatial connection function" of the communication can be ascertained for example by telephone. Once you're connected, even in the voice of any remote location, though it can be heard as if they were generated from just off (his ear) [ Gumpert 1987 ]. Alternatively, in the relay of television broadcasting, a relay destination location (for example USA), a place to receive a relay (eg Japan), but connected to each other within a range of audio-visual (in direct interview to the location of each one another opponent by having such sensation dolphin, connect the space between, each other to share each of the spaces from each other) can be ascertained by.

In the e-mail using the Internet and personal computer communication, on the other hand what is written in it, from the fact that to reach instantly to the other side without feeling the time and distance, from the people that if they are next to get a note by hand in the same sense it is possible to retrieve the contents of the mail and, it can be said that support the space connecting functions of communication.

In this paper, the characteristics of the communication lead to each other in real-time regardless of the distance that individual is placed, the spread of the instantaneous between people interconnect with next-generation communication society to expand to all over the world there, and capture.

2. Reduction of territorial (regional and local resistance)

Communication has the ability to tie into one remote areas to each other as different geographical space.

Where even of a terminal connected to a network, the terminal even geographically regardless of whether the how outlying place, is as if it were a "equal zero distance", connected to the other terminal and the instantaneous . In the case of communication, the distance connected even though much away feeling is almost the same (for example, the length of time to wait from the dial to lead to the other party on the phone and local calls and long distance calls and international calls in almost unchanged, it is almost instantly), it has little distance effect on human psychology. Distance to be in much away, it feels like being close to the other party immediately.

Although it will be in any point and regions, once coupled once by the communication, where it becomes that there is no relationship because the are connected by a sense close to the same distance zero. In that sense, the concept of the region itself, no longer have any meaning. In other words, communication is, has a de-regional and de-territorial function, and it can be said. Communication can be said to have the effect of reducing the sense of belonging to the community.

When the communication is highly developed, it is what live in an area, or whether working with are, will not have much sense. But no matter living in the city, but no matter living in rural areas, once connected by a communication, beyond the differences of geographic space, gap without, will be to connect and share a space between each other, both it is possible to stand on equal footing. Therefore, the conventional urban / rural areas, the difference between the urban / suburban eliminated.

In other words, until now, the people ties have been trapped in Chile and, in the future, it can be said ties beyond the geography by the communication to the (transcendental geographic space) changes occur, and.

Therefore, the way of community generated, close traditional transportation (walk, railway, automobile, etc.) to rely on space-constrained of community generation (facilities with each other that had related to each other (the station, city hall, post offices) in in distance , from taking the over-concentration type), if Musube community generation of space transcendent that takes into account the communication of the (facility each other that had related to each other by a thick communication line at high speed, geographic constraints are transcended, wide-area distributed such as to also can take) any free form, it is considered to continue to migrate.

In addition, from human relations the traditional area-contained, due to changes to the region outside the open, limited areas consciousness in certain areas within such a narrow "Oragamura," "he is the town" is eliminated Te, is considered a more global national-de-regional consciousness aimed at the whole world come to rise. In other words, thought has been limited to a certain area ( "local" consciousness is strong, exclusive narrow field of view which runs to pork barrel to the "local") from the current generation, thought has been released from the regional characteristics, wide area directed to the communication baton occurs to the (wide field of view to consider the interests of the global world) the next generation, it is considered.

Supplement) Telephone and community building

Ties between people with the current phone, one-to-one is usually, does not correspond to the (as of PC communication and the Internet), many-to-many. Phone, to do something in the same time a joint between a plurality of people is not suitable. Therefore, the phone, [Yoshimi 1993 ] Despite the pointed out, or not appropriate to see and has not contributed much to the community building beyond the region? If the use of the same communication line, which can be many-to-many communication, for example, much better, such as the Internet mailing list, it should easy to contribute to community building.

For additional) call fee system

Personal computer communication, the Internet, once Tsunagare to the nearest access point, connected by the same fee to all regions in Japan - around the world. - PC communication Internet users, it can be said that most often benefited from the geographical space transcendence with the communication.

On the other hand, (except mobile phone) existing phone is tied to the distance. That fee is increased in accordance with the call distance is longer. As a result, the connection of the short distance to each other is promoted, connected distant each other is avoided. This is not alive transcendental function of the geographic space in which communication has much trouble is. This has led to the residual of the locality.

3. Equalization of population distribution

Communication people of residence in the region in which highly developed, without residing in a short distance from each other, in all aspects audiovisual, is free from freely for encounter with remote party, the distance bindings, as conventionally to, from the shape which is clustered in one location, and at random in the dispersible. Therefore, the development of communications, help to the dispersion of the population in overcrowded areas.

Alternatively, communication, because it eliminates all the spatial isolation by mutual connection of the moment, help to the activation of the geographically distant isolated have been depopulated area (However, the point that has been isolated from the very outside world difficulties of logistics It might be impossible therefore). Speaking of the sparsely populated areas of the industry until now, agriculture and forestry was the main. By but of communication development, in addition to agriculture, white-collar (traditional office workers), it is possible to manufacture and software production by remote control, should increase people coming emigrated. In this regard, the development of communication, it can be said that the help to the promotion of the sparsely populated areas (generation of place to earn an income, such as bias correction of the industry).

After all, the development of communication, it can be said that the help from the state in which the geographical population distribution is biased, to migrate to the state to evenly evenly distributed.

4. The equivalent of any of the point with the "location free"

Although I will be in any point, once coupled once by a communication, where is also that will be connected with a sense close to the same distance zero and any other point, communication is equivalence of any point (others It means to bring equivalence) under conditions surface for performing interaction with. That relationship is the same reduction with respect to other points of any point is the same as I will be in any point, meaning that it is free. In this sense, the communication leads to relief from the geographic location to the presence of people (free). This phenomenon, M.Weber the concept of "value free" of (for social science to keep the objectivity of recognition, must be free from value judgments) following the, are "location free" (my now It could be named geographic become free from positioning) and any time.

The concept of "location free" is, for example, people who make a mobile phone, even if not particularly know the place name of the point you are the point or the other party who is his now, appeared in the place where it is possible to exchange conversation with others ing. On the other hand, that's the exchange of conversation by letter by mail, always be aware of their own and the other party's address (if the point where are their now is where information), because it must fill in the postcard or envelope , not a "location free". If you have not been identified point you're my now, because the mail does not reach.

By the mobile phone penetration, now without their own are particularly conscious of whether the are in any point, a tendency that can be combined with any other point in the same sense at any point ( "location free" in the sense of surface) , it can be said that further strengthened. Alternatively, even in a cost surface according to the communication, such as a personal computer communications and the Internet, as long as connecting to the nearest (of the city) access point, after the whole country - all the world to the same fee (local call rate + provider connection you can connect fee), also in choosing a point, or away constraint points that are now free to be able to have a binding relationship under the same conditions in terms of any other point and the cost (in cost- means "location free") of.

5. Universalization of any point

Development of communication, the information emanating from a certain point, from any point of the country - all over the world, at the same time to allow access. For example, WWW home page information the user has registered in the region in the area provider of the Internet, from anywhere in the world, can be accessed instantly.

Given Turn of the above, advanced communications, the country any point-specific information (worldwide) is, across the country that has the potential to spread in an instant towards the (worldwide) (any point promote the universal). In that regard, in the prior art, one local and universal at the national level of the area to a limited have culture becomes easy to occur as, meet the culture with each other were each regional limited until now to Competition and selection each other It is considered to be a fit.

In addition, at the next step, create a culture individuals, without passing through the traditional local and primary filter that receptor by region, directly towards the whole country, culture and skills that produced their own. . So spread in one shot things like. Information dissemination does not matter local and nationality by the WWW home page of each individual of the Internet is just considered as a good example. In this sense, that the locality of information is considered to be headed in the direction of the extinction.

6. Ubiquity of the city (center)

In a state in which the communication is developed, is considered as described below occur phenomena such as referred to as "ubiquitous in the heart of (downtown) (any point is instantaneously in the heart (state which can be a city center))" even .

In advanced network is spread around state, it is first geographically direct access immediately to the point were the center even ever anywhere. In this case, by being directly connected to the central at the time of the access, the accessing point becomes the center of the access destination, the apposition in that centrality (city of), so that all points of the access source is the heart It will be of.

Thus even while the center (the city) geographically is concentrated in one place, access time according to the access to the heart using a high-speed communication lines by approximating zero, at equal time from any point will be able to, it is possible to realize a ubiquitous center (downtown). Host function is the same as the geographic space is more than a personal computer communication centered pole. However, at some point need to turn pull the high-speed line in all regions other than the center (downtown), there is no difference with the case of the heart (the city center) geographically dispersed of, not the benefits. But rather is a strong disadvantage in terms of security (and geographically pole concentrated center (downtown) is damaged, the other all is useless).

Therefore, that the newly considered, Central (the city), while geographically dispersed reduction is to produce results that as to connect to each other by a communication line therebetween. That is, a plurality of points between connected by sense of distance zero by communication lines, mediate communication line led therefrom by further sense of distance zero, will be joined to several other points, there, the distance sensation is born to an equal reduction and equality view an unlimited number of points to each other without a specific isolated feeling. As a result, where the where the no longer know what region in the middle, any point is also equivalent to a degree that may or center (the center of ubiquitous) is increased. Any point is, by having the possibility of being connected to all the other points and momentary connected by lines, immediately center (center, city) may be.

As a result, the center (downtown) function on the security problems are solved. For the central function can substitute instantly at any point, it prevents the function of the central government and corporate headquarters under the influence, such as the earthquake and war is paralysis.

In any case, the ubiquity of the center using the communication results in a region (space) fusion between the central and local governments. Or eliminate the middle-to-regional disparities and conflicts. Alternatively, eliminate the disparity between the rural and local. Every region also is stand on equal footing without feeling the geographical handicap.

If sophisticated communications advancing, conventional geographic center various organizations that have been placed (city) is not required in the center of geographically city. Since every point thanks to the space transcendental functions of communication can have enough center (by ensuring the possibility of immediate access to it), each institution, without worrying about the site conditions, to build anywhere it can (in fact, it is to some extent necessary to consider the logistics of constraints). In fact, with regard to the research institutions, necessarily also be located in the place where it can not be said that transportation is convenient, by connecting the domestic - around the world in high-speed communication line, to be able to produce research results that do not feel the geographical handicap It seems to be there.

Workers of public and private institutions that have located in the center (downtown) in the territorial until now, dispersed in distant apart place, everyone if you take the communication between each other by connecting a high-speed communication line , entity of the institutions, that is established in the form of dispersion to the point you are of each workers, agency itself is may no longer have the buildings that it owns. In that sense, organizations such as government agencies and corporate bodies, not even need to be present to property, plant and equipment.

After all, the development of communication prompts the universally equality of different points centrality (degree is downtown). Can have at any point, as if the characteristics of the communication that masquerade as if you were in the immediate vicinity (equidistant called) to each other, due to its advanced (multi-media, etc.), conventional central versus regional conflicts and regional hierarchy of that region to eliminate the composition.

7. Ubiquitous national

Center of the ubiquitous, if considered at the national level, which means a polynuclear dispersion (ubiquitous) of the capital function (state function). The center of the nation, from the state are concentrated only in certain of the capital as it is now, in the sense that if they were the same distance from anywhere in the country, will appear in front of the people.

If sophisticated communications advancing, administrative bodies to be located at the center of the community (Office) becomes may not be constructed to focus on where considered central portion of geographically that country. Installed apart in different regions, if Musube between them in the high-speed line, be ready by the central government as a unified body that goes beyond the geographical space. Since fulfill the capital function is he one person one person (not the building), if the person each other long been connected by a line, function as a capital and wherever a person is play.

Sharing with the communication of the state function, promote the equal of the local and central. You can enjoy the benefits of on the same life as being in the middle of the up to now can have on the local (and vice versa). The boundary between the local and the central becomes ambiguous, there is no concept of local autonomy (and centralization of the upside down).

The distinction between local and central disappears ( "locality" to disappear, and local and central stand in the same position) it is, fade the existence of local governments that have been on behalf of the limited policy to conventional constant region it means that. That is to be able to access to any other region in the equidistant sense from any area, because there is fade significance of the fact that regional policy. In the future, the current thinking is limited to the region, from the avid generation to the "local" pork barrel, by the transition to the wide area network generation that has been released from the bondage of the region takes place, a variety of different values by standing, members to each other is connected by each the same value, spontaneously generation and collateral wide area policy population beyond the regional and local, of the political party that was trapped in each region of interest of conventional lawmakers Hometown It is considered to be able to override the way.

The ubiquity of the nation, St. theory on the premise of geographical over-concentration of the conventional capital city functions would be fundamentally forced to review. Because the transcendental geographic space by the communication, because the capital functions widely distributed can be achieved. The dispersion of the capital function is effective better to use the communication than the traffic. Even at a remote distance is because the lead in an instant. By utilizing communication, it is possible to place by dispersing function to a more distant point.

8. Optimization of residence, work location

When communication is developed, so that optimal locations residence or work of individual supports.

Any point may be referred to may be in the center immediately, when viewed from the standpoint of communication infrastructure, also live to any point, indicating that almost the same advanced communications environment (such as the Internet) can be obtained. Also live to any point, with respect to any other point, though it is possible to access to the same distance (distance zero), so that does not matter a resident, I worked in there to choose any point. This is in a state if, the communication is developed in other words, people, show that it is possible to continue to live in geographical location considered best for you.

People, as now, it is no longer necessary, such as living in the big city suburbs in relation to, for example, commuting time. Even if there is a transfer, it only changes the communication destination to the place of employment that have changed, their own there is no need to change the place of Settlement and work. Once the up residence in the favorite spot, it can be much more continue to live there. Criteria for the fact that where you live is, vary greatly in terms such as it is convenient for example commuting as in the prior art, resident welfare even in a small town away from the traditional metropolitan areas long as the richer people to select the residence to Basoko it is conceivable that a situation of population movements, such as coming out of a lot happens.

Alternatively, contemplated by the use of mobile technology, even while moving geographically, since ever be able to maintain the same high degree of communication environment, and also moving, so that it is live's and not inferior have settled It is. Samukere If a warm place, to such Atsukere if a cool place, free as migratory birds and it is possible to work in seasonal movement. As a resident form of mobile for office, campers and mobile host (scan) Tel (set lodgings for mobile workers) can be considered such.

9. Immobilization of life

When the communication is developed, from dynamic society (society in which a person moves over geographic space), static social expected to transition to occur it to the (human society that does not move to sit still in one place in the geographical space) monkey.

When the society of the communication center is coming, people, sitting in front of the communication terminal, is expected to be stuck for a long time (throughout the day, the same state as sitting in front of the TV). While remaining in the same location (for example, before the personal computer of put the desk), is because it is possible to wander to connect anything of struggling even without one after another in an instant to the various points manipulating the communication terminal (net surfing Toi crack phenomenon is this).

A state in which the state continues for a long period of time the body is sit still is not never in the pathological phenomenon. Even conventional, train, in the car, but to move to the spatial, people who are in the (do not move while standing or) you are sitting motionless in the seat. Vehicle itself can be moved, in terms that the person does not move to sit still you are in it can be said the same and communication. During working Speaking about white-collar (general clerical) is also often it does not work sitting at a desk. Therefore, also enough exist at present the state does not move the body of the people, to say that the society of the communication center does not move people arrived, not to change completely the life pattern (and therefore, to the society of the communication center the transition should proceed smoothly) is, "immobile" on the life, the minute that does not involve movement by traffic, is thoroughly more than the current.

10. Conclusion (the need of communication limits and traffic)

To assess the development of the future of communication, in a communication to be performed using a conventional traffic, what is a possible alternative in communication, what it is necessary to find out or not.

To resolve this issue, it has been conventionally done, consider the transportation of replacement by communication (for example, [Suzuki 1992 ]) instead of, on the contrary, in case what, people do not use the communications, traffic using either (their physical body to space travel) is trying to communicate, list up is required.

At that time, (because communication is an issue to be cleared either if development) which in height, etc. economic factors of the communication line usage fee is to close their eyes.

As if the only communication to be considered at the present time is insufficient,

(1) be accompanied such as personal delivery of physical materials such as electronic components in the meeting, the meeting between people movement of goods the (logistics) at the same time,

(2) as in the banquets and meals, other than audiovisual that modern communications are supported, if the shares such as tactile and olfactory is required can be considered.

Although it is associated with the above-mentioned problems, corresponding to advanced communication society, the process proceeds in the white-collar (clerk), it is conceivable that late in the blue-collar (workers). White-collar is the office work center, since it is possible to freely circulating material that you create is placed on a communication line electronically by OA of, whereas it is possible of communication benefit, blue-collar ( for example, an automobile mechanic) will depend on the specific things of handling is a center, because not put a machine for handling goods and materials handling to the communication line. Blue collar, communication must carry the leg himself with the transportation to conventional scene as it is (the point where there is a goods and machinery) are also becoming more sophisticated.

The blue color is benefit of communication, the machinery and supplies that are away from their own, have to be to be able to remote control online, to do so, for example of the communication satellite robot remote control Works such as is required. It should be noted that the software manufacturer also in blue color is the exception, it is possible of communication benefit. Because the means of production and products to earn online (to distribute the program, for example, the Internet and personal computer communication) (remote login to create a program in the workstation through a telephone line which is for example in remote locations) and distribution is to be able is there.

[References]

[ Gumpert 1987 ] Gumpert, G "Talking Tombstones And Other Tales Of The Media Age" NewYork, Oxford University Press 1987 (Ishimaru Seiwake "media of the era" Shinchosha 1990 )

[Ikeda 1997 ] Kenichi Ikeda (ed.) "Network community" University of Tokyo Press 1997

[Suzuki 1992 ] Haruo Suzuki "alternative of transportation and communication" (Nagayama, Yamori (ed.), "Psychology of space movement" Fukumura published 1992 )

[ Toffler 1980 ] Toffler, A. "The Third Wave" William Morrow Ando Company, Inc. 1980 (Takao Tokuoka translation supervisor "third wave" Chuokoronsha 1982 )

[Yoshii 1996 ] Hiroaki Yoshii "Information and modern society" KitaTatsuki Publication 1996

[Yoshimi other 1992 ] Shunya Yoshimi, Mikio Wakabayashi, Shin Mizukoshi "phone as a media" KobunDo 1992

[Yoshimi 1993 ] Toshiya Yoshimi "community in the line" (Hasumi, Okuda (ed.) "21 century of neo-community" University of Tokyo Press 1993 )

(Postscript 2008.08 )

From writing the above sentence 10 was passed years, the reality of Japanese society, not in the streets, which I wrote in the above, or as up to now, seems to have become a thing to retrograde rather.

That is considered as the causes are summarized below.

Employees working in the company, etc., without having to physically set in one place, apart will be able to work and move freely anywhere in the conditions, the Toka spread of light Internet, much compared to the previous I think personally and conditions have been well-equipped to.

However, the information leak prevention and security issues, companies, there is that employees do not like to work freely outside the office. For example, in the Shinkansen PC when I was working in open, seen screen next to the person, is intended or something trade secret leaks.

The other is, or would count the problem of working hours. In order to the company to count the working hours, have been made from the previous, employees come to work in up to a certain time in the company's office, where worked, most working hours is that directing to the leaving embossing I wonder there is that management of easy to do. Companies continues for more than practice to pay in working hours based on the salary is believed that this problem does not go away.

After, that behold whether employees are properly working, it might be there for to monitor directly eyes in real time to collect in one place the employee in the office is considered to be quickest. Around here, but to be too much even personally feel that or not do not change Toka monitoring accuracy to monitor their opponents with a TV conference, company side, direct physical guidance to employees, want to keep the possibility to be applied sanctions also I feel that I wonder if.

In addition, this is, Japan Toka but might be specific to the society prefer the collective action of East Asia, reluctant to individual behavior of employees, as much as possible in the organization, there seems to be a trend that people like to being together. Aligned in the office was set at the same time, work the same way in the same place, take a lunch all together at the same time, uniform and overtime, as good a something like the, work freely their own is in a physically disparate locations to the the the, the feelings that undesirable exists to some extent, feel like the cause.

To become with another problem, the creation of living and working space of the Toka home of employees working not going to work in the company, costs related to maintenance, seems to be calculated by doing what the communication cost the company there is a problem of how to pay . Where this calculation standard is now, very much Would not there of is that not clear ? In some cases, for employees to ensure the office location in the home, home of the room to work prepared, in order to Construction it is also possible that the renovation, and the cost Who is a problem or something or to bear up to much stalking. For this reason, the company side, is also thought to be referred to are reluctant to the realization of residence, work location optimization.

However, for the time being, if you do not construct a room that worker is working, it does not proceed working at home.

In order to solve this problem, assembly, disassembly possible, which can be embedded as a capsule in the existing house, unit bath like a, unit work room, to prepare the unit office room, there is a method to rent.

Alternatively, such a work room, an office room, a suburb of apartment complexes and condominiums, from the beginning to the detached house, is also idea to be incorporated in reclamation.

Or, the office room of a simple house also serves as a small personal for the studio, like a private room of the Internet cafe, and reclamation lot in the vicinity of suburban housing, Anyone can easily each time to hire, also considered the hand that It is.

For the development of nuclear office of

In the communication it has been highly developed state, also to any space from which space is reachable without sense of distance equal distance, more precisely with one another. When coupled with the space between a communication line while independently one by one space, even if their space no matter how distant from each other, by the spatial coupling action of communication is captured as if space has become human unity. By applying this to the office, each department offices, also each person seats is distributed randomly, becomes possible to maintain the unity by communication.

Office of the communication means, conventional telephone was in most cases. Whereas telephone was not only supports one-to-one communication, since in recent years began to data communication by computer supports a many-to-many communication, significantly maintain the unity of the organization be spaced apart from each other It became easier to. Accordingly, satellite office, distributed in the form of office that introduction of teleworking, and, SOHO (SmallOffice, Home Office) is slowly progressing small independent of office represented by the word.

Structure of a conventional dispersion office, there is first multiplayer tissue members under one roof head office, pending therefrom (dependent) there is a satellite office for each individual or small groups in the form was supposed to configure such. So to speak, it is the translation was a satellite office that assumes the presence of the head office. In this case, (in the geographic space) non ubiquitous office center functions will remain. In other words, the major members of the office, must commute all aligned to the same point with a head office, it had to be bound by the population to the spatial position of the head office.

In addition, small-scale stand-alone SOHO is introduced only to such independent of the privately-run company with a small number of people, large-scale government-company organization, as usual, many people with each other and share the same vast space to stay in the large-scale non-independent type of office of form was customary. In a large non-independent office, it is necessary to workers each other to share the same geographical location, is accompanied by constraints of geographical space at that point.

Large-scale government and corporate organization of the office of the future, " Nuclear (nuclear) office," each with pieces of minimum unit to call even with the office one by one with a self-sufficient property in a way that forms a flock in the high-speed communication network by connecting to each other, away constraint geographical space, considered it is possible to assemble a freely tissue. Even every single small office has even fall apart away from each other, the "spatial connection function" of the communication is considered to be generated a human group of network organization are connected to each other.

That is, with the sophistication of the communication network, the head office is decomposed into flock of disjoint private single player appears as a collection of "core Office" as an independent existence possible minimum unit as an office. In this way, by shortening the office of the function to the ultimate, was taken out only essential functions, "nucleation was" state, the office minimum (the state with the minimum functions required for established as an office) It will can be called even.

In nuclear office, although each person spatially in the private room is cut off with the outside world, via a communication line, is capable of communication with any other private, openness of communication to the outside world is maintained .

The decomposition of the nucleus office of the head office,

(1) office and the private room of to individual and independent of the office functions,

(2) spatially dispersed and fall apart the office of the position,

It believed to be carried out in a procedure such.

In a state in which the head office has been extinguished, and gathered each independently of one another nuclear office consisting of personal space of disjointed one of only, will be going to assemble the organization. Tissue, established by connecting freely between cells in a disjoint any point of nuclear office communication line. Office assigned to each individual each is (self-sustainable in only one) that is self-contained in a state.

The advantage of having a nuclear office,

(1) to each other can be integrally on remote cohesive organizational communication channels of one among those present at the position, will be able to freely create, modifying and maintaining the tissue in a manner that is independent of the geographical space, geography tissue it is possible to provide the basis ubiquitous. Nuclear office, in such terms, is an important key in realizing ubiquitous in the center described in the above, the state of ubiquitous.

(2) by connecting the nuclei office network, since it becomes possible to construct an office system corresponding to any form of tissue. Not change as it is located on the geographical space of the office in which one person works is that make up the organization, it is possible to perform only the replacement of the organization, it can be easily free a sharp (consolidation of organizational changes, due to the organizational change moving work and is unnecessary, it does not take the cost of the reorganization).

Terms such as can be considered.

The background of the nuclear office come the emergence and spread, in addition to the communication development is,

(1) and the growing awareness about personal privacy secure, growing degree of independence by the progress, further partitioning of each person in the space of the office of the private room of each room (nucleation) in the existing housing that it brings, but It is first considered. Alternatively,

(2) each person comes out the personality of the tendency to try to select a work location, in which case, that are different from how each person that worked in any point (each person of location preferred by the their own without the geographic constraints ) due to the work location, which results in desire of each person is considered that would be apart to each person.

Should be equipped with nuclear office (minimal) function,

(1) work (ensuring social function a place to create production and, secure place to the learning, thinking and judgment)

(2) communication (secure means of communication with other nuclear office, computer WAN such as equipment)

(3) residence (secure the goodness of live very comfortable, such as air conditioners, Yunie of equipment)

It is considered to vicinity.

Equipment required for nuclear office, the equipment and basic needs to the conventional satellite office is considered to be the same. In a conventional office, such as a printer more than one person had been shared equipment also, it is necessary to have a single one. The spread of nuclear office, miniaturization and personalization of office equipment it is necessary to progress.

The form of the combined distributed to each worker in the nuclear office, three are considered below.

(1) telecommuting put the office functions to each household of house current workers to residence (such as company housing). Modification of one to several rooms of the room as an office.

(2) telecommuting to adopt a set capsule system office. Build a building that consists of a set of office private room to fall apart in the vicinity of the house. The building is, the point at which workers can attend in a few minutes from home. One one office room is fully up to take a key are independent as a private room. Each room to contract individually with companies and administration.

(3) mobile office above the office is settled in the office, not move have decided location. The worker was not to be attend to there (if not continue to stay in the case of home). Mobile Office, (a) by size and portability of office equipment, (b) is obtained by so can be varied by a movable living space of office, the office location according to circumstances .

In the mobile office, (A) For, always carry the props (for example, a camera-phone features built-in laptop) needed to build the office, the go (go) to be able to build a nuclear office for one person with one touch that it can be considered. Can be contacted may be provided everywhere town the information outlet (such as coffee shops), or from any location by using a mobile phone to the other office. (b) For, like a car office, such as a printer, facsimile put in place in the car, it can be made to go around with a nuclear office wherever you go.

Have a mobile nuclear office in which one person is independent, is to make the organization a combination of the mobile nuclear office, it can be said that is an organization with a time spatially most freedom.

Nuclear office, but one in which workers are employed, if the student-instructor of the school is to build and use a similar environment is a "nuclear study room and research room". Each one is an independent, and by having a learning room, study room that can be spatially separated apart, the prior art had to set the student-instructor decided bother time to the location of one of the joint was of the, by connecting people to each other suitable to promote joint research you are in a remote location in the achievement-based learning and geographical each other, can be installed in a very free form.

The challenge in the nucleus office, as well as eliminate the loneliness become alone in the user's office, it is necessary to prepare a Tedate satisfying contradictory requirements together of keeping Puraivashi in the user's office . In particular, it is necessary to consider measures to adapt to a large number have been taken a method of living Japan of company organization in the large room until now. As a countermeasure, such as to be able to observe a colleague on another multiple offices together with hyperopia mirror simultaneously considered.

Rural = profit community Theory

Conventional sociologists, the profit, in business, regarded as possible to make money, in the rural areas of self-sufficiency is regarded as there was no-profit act.

It is the idea Toka its typical of the Gemeinschaft of Ten'nisu.

However, in practice, also lived Where are the human beings, and not to households and accounting always surplus, or when not to raise some benefit, no longer eventually live.

It is biological not limited to human beings is all likely.

Human beings, anyone, for a living, it is necessary to secure profits, it can be said that essentially the profit of the creatures.

It is the same even if the person has lived in rural areas.

When life is also on an individual basis is not in the black to become a nuisance to other members, community-based also becomes painful is life and not in the black in, would eventually village collapsed.

For example, it is Toka Food security.

Therefore rural areas, it can be said that it is profit community in self-sufficiency.

Content and Media Hen - a small box of thinking -

Download, copyright protection and free viewing of copy content

- copyright fees collected by the advertisement automatic insertion of the content -

2003.04-2006.02 first appearance

[ Summary ]

Text, video, music, such as e-books, a so-called content by using the means of file exchange, etc. save the download to the local, and free of viewing in the case of copy, and copyright payments to the content author it is to propose a method to achieve both. Advertising by automatically inserted into the content, download from the network content to the local, to legalize to watch and copy, describes a technique to prevent copyright infringement.

1. the current state of the content delivery

At present, the viewing of content, whether broadcast, whether in network distribution, only the convenience of the copyright holder is considered.

Traditionally, the content, Winny ( or subspecies of Winnyp) , Share , WinMX downloaded to the local for free using, for example, file-sharing software, such as, save, or copy, the saved data 2 that spamming to-order is, copyright as something a violation of the rights of the holders, in some cases, it has been the subject of litigation as a violation of the law. For this reason, it was often drowned out naive desire "I want to see for free what you want to see" the viewer's side.

In addition, for example, in the video distribution by net, content is, because it can not be stored easily in the local in the audience side, ordinary viewers who do not know how to use the back tool, and is aborted delivery in the distribution side, It is no way of eggplant. The viewer, when you want to see the content you want to see that can be seen at any time, should be given the "right look".

This, video, DVD there is also true that in and e-books, and content in any form is not available is out of stock, the road left to the viewer, to rely on available and a copy of the used goods only. However it is when content acquisition of used goods, at present, does not turn consideration to the bottom line of the copyright holder. Profitable for is only pre-sale shop, they are, is the presence, such as a parasite to live in a free ride on top of the work of others. On the other hand, even at present free content copy, such as file exchange, it does not turn consideration to the copyright holder. Copy that does not turn the consideration to these authors is likely to appear on the market in large quantities, resulting in a destroyer legitimate work.

Originally, for the copyright owner, that your work is accepted as much as possible a wide range of audience ( and that can decent living by get the consideration from the audience ) it should be desirable.

At that time, for the copyright owner, every time the content is seen in the audience, the fee to be the consideration, I think you want to recover from the audience is a very natural psychological. However, at present, the content will be temporarily stored and replicated to the local to the original audience, it is not possible to newly collect the viewing fee from there.

For that reason, DVD than Toka software, is subjected to copy protection, but the viewer is are you trying to prevent you to store and replicate in a free content to local, it was evil in reverse, precious-made content contents, has produced the results miss the opportunity to be known to a large number of viewers through the copy. In addition, in order to be recovered in cash copyright fee to the direct, DVD Toka, content is expensive, so popular is like, no longer in the casually seen such a price. For example, animation, etc., 30 minutes 5000 Product of the hard-to-reach pricing in hand is to be rampant in the yen like a expensive.

In short, the mechanism of the current state of content distribution, the viewer's side, the fundamental desire to be seen for free whenever you want, of the copyright holder, can be new again and again collect the viewing fee every time seen , it can not meet the same desire.

These problems are, all, from the content the viewer once stored locally, at present, due to the terms of copyright fee can not be collected. To solve this point, I'm happy for both of the viewer and the copyright owner, it is necessary to create a mechanism for the benefit.

2. problem to be solved

Viewing of the content by the viewer should be done in basically free. It is, (1) to go to feel free to "try viewing", in order to increase the likelihood that encounter in my of favorite works, (2) is necessary in order to minimize the economic burden.

In addition, distribution of content ( broadcast, download ) also is aborted without permission in the distribution side, as seen continuing in the viewer side, storage of content, should be able to locally. In order to promote the dissemination of the content, copy of the content and its distribution should also be able to freely.

On the other hand, was only viewers Tadami, in order to ensure that the copyright holder is not a loss, even at the time of content viewing that you downloaded to the local, in each case, it should be such copyright fees go to the copyright owner .

3. Solution

In order to solve the above problems, save free content to local, while permitted to copy, stored locally, when viewing the copied content for free, the corresponding advertising through the network is automatically downloaded quick produce the need to force the viewer sees is.

In other words, (1) the content stored locally, and the copy, (2) Free viewing, (3) of the copyright fee payment 3 order to achieve both a person,

(a) the existing file sharing software or the like, the content ( in some cases the advertisement data ) to implement local storage, copy and accumulation.

(b) at the time of local content viewing, only content playback to be automatically inserted to force viewing the ad, viewing software ( dedicated player ) to create. At that time, and can be set such as timing and the number to call the ad for each content.

(c) at the time of content playback, you come to when to call the ad, to play streaming or download the ads from the ad server ( to play the advertisement data that has been downloaded or in advance in the local ) .

(d) content playback, viewing software ( dedicated player ) , once the viewer is playing and viewing the advertisement, and debit the advertisement fee from an advertiser's account, as copyright fees, transfer money to the copyright owner of the account, carry out an advertisement fee → copyright fee conversion. At that time, content playback, browsing software, the latest of advertisers, to query the account information of the copyright holder in real-time, advertising fees, to build a copyright fee account information server.

In this case, the playback-viewing software, as the local content to be played back and browse in the ad-supported, motion video ( animation, live-action drama, movie, such as a video camera captured video by amateur ) , Jpeg still images, such as format ( and scanner image, such as a digital camera image ) , recording such as music or train traveling sound (mp3 such as an audio file that was created in such format ) , e-book ( or be composed of a plurality of still images, PDF , etc. format 1 ~ more text and comics such as creating summarized in the file ) is assumed to be such.

3.1 Payment by copyright fee of advertising

The content consideration, direct cache ( including card payments ) rather than pay in, to pay in the advertisement viewing. Its scheme is the following 2 of the ways 1 to bracts.

(1) advertising data each time, what the advertiser is up to date, make a pre-advertisement data server, the latest advertisement data from there, flows in real time every time a request.

(2) advertising data files, using the file exchange software, etc., is discharged into the net. By doing so, it is not necessary to build a Toka advertisement data server in a high load, the latest advertisement data file, it is also possible to deliver to the simple and inexpensive to viewers of the original. Content playback, on the side of the browsing software, automatically checks the expiration date of the advertisement, so as to play the only ads that meet the criteria. By this measure, the viewer will be as it is not necessary to look at the old ad-freshness.

As an advertiser, even if you view the content that has been downloaded a few years ago even if the viewer, it is possible to show the latest ads to viewers. )

In addition, content playback, the viewing software, to pre-select the type of ad you want to see the audience, so as to play the ad that fits the conditions preferentially.

Advertising, the Toka genre, basically, well in common with the current state of TV Advertising, everyone is living necessities you need, food, stationery, mainly flowed things such as laundry products.

It is also possible to automatically play or download the advertising data of the content that is related to the content. For example, if you play a video file of the animation "pop in Mirumo", with it together, also play toy of advertising of the characters.

Content playback, the viewing software, viewers After viewing the ad, debit an advertisement fee from an advertiser's account of advertising data, automatically performs the transfer money behavior to the copyright owner of the account of the content. By doing so, even if the copyright owner, even from old content, brings the latest advertisement viewing, by using a mechanism for advertising fees are converted to the copyright fee, each time it is a new viewer to viewer , it can always be each time get a new copyright fee.

In the content, soft-write timing information to call the ad, that is to prepare the content creation software. Ad timing can be a placed in any position in the content, call written information of the number of ads in the vicinity of the beginning of the file at the same time.

It should be noted that, in order to content file is easy to identify properly someone copyright holder, for example, at the beginning of the vicinity of the content, the official name of copyrighted material, story number ( or the number of turns ) , the data of the copyright owner, forgery to be embedded in the prevention of watermarked.

On the other hand, it has already distributed a lot on the net, existing, or call the ad even at a time of reproducing the content files that are not supported as it is in the ad playback, to or be able to collect the copyright fee, the ingenuity do. And the name of the contents written in the file name, media type ( audio only, video, image, PDF · · · ) from, what is the official name of the work, and the official of the copyright owner is someone, work database indexing and query the server running, passing reliably copyright fee to the original copyright holder. In addition, ad timing, either collectively ad played before reproduction of the content is started, or, in advance determine the framework of the always advertising play within what% after the reproduction of the content is started, within that framework, free to the viewer ad so as to choose the timing.

Content playback, the handling of advertising rates by browsing software,

(1) In the method of play or download streaming from the advertisement data server in real-time advertising data at the time of content playback, and access to advertiser information server, search for advertisers, advertising content that meets the conditions set by the audience , indexing the account balance from the account information of the advertisers, the amount of advertising fee which corresponds to the work viewing this time out of balance, deducted from the advertiser's account. Then, to play or download streaming ads from the advertisement data server. Search of appropriate advertising, in order to save the advertising search time when the content is playing, it may also keep going in advance to the content reproduction advance.

(2) in a manner to have to download the advertisement data in advance, reads the advertisement file data, advertisers, broadcast time, check the expiration date, to access the advertiser information server, indexing the account balance from the account information of the advertiser , the minutes of advertising fee which corresponds to the work viewing this time out of balance, deducted from the advertiser's account. If the account balance was not, to skip the airing of the advertisement, it corresponds to a different ad.

The above (1) (2) In, debit advertising fees, to reduce the work load, may also perform together at the end of the month or the like.

Content playback, the query of copyrighted material by browsing software, content product name, type ( video, books, games ... ) to identify from the first file name, and the like, the copyright holder corresponding to each and its copyright fee delivery account , it will pull from the work database. At the timing when the copyrighted work is reproduced, transfer money a copyright fee that was the conversion of the ad fee to the delivery account. The actual account transfer, to reduce the work load, or may be carried out together at the end of the month or the like.

In addition, If you can not find the correct copyright owner account, a pool account to keep a temporarily copyright fees, prepared for each work.

It should be noted that, in Toka content data, the far managed in the server database, will be written up anywhere in the file, is a problem should be noted. Information written to a file, is decrypted malicious possibly the viewer, there is a risk of being arbitrarily forged. The only good information be leaked to the viewer, it is desirable to write to the file.

In addition, copyright fees, account for advertising fee, or correct, you are actually running, carried out from sure in advance, fee payments, the transfer.

Content playback, the viewing software side, playback downloaded to the local, the copied content, at the time of the viewable state, (video, if music) playback position, constantly check the (if e-books) screen page position, there ad call timing information to investigate or not written. Then, if it was written if, the new advertisement data of freshness, to play in the timing.

Ads, those that are within the expiration date by the advertiser at that time, to make stops in the eyes of the viewer.

Alternatively, if the viewer can not find the genre of advertising desired, as an emergency measure, it is also conceivable that will pull in any advertising of a plausible genre.

How to put out the ad, as the viewer sees always, as in the existing television and radio advertising, and basically put out at the time when the main before the start - the main part went into the climax. Alternatively, to no top or bottom of the screen, L in the scroll display in shape, simultaneously in parallel in the main playback, to flow through advertising data constantly. In the case of e-books, it may be of displaying it using the full screen.

Advertisement data, but similar voice-filled video and for TV is first assumed, in order to reduce reduce the data size at the time of reproduction, or a still image, silent of GIF animation and FLASH may be a video or, Shinkansen similar car electric bulletin board may also shed by scrolling the character string data ( of course, without scrolling, or of displaying stationary ) . For character string data, voice synthesis, or may be speaks the contents of the string.

The direction of the viewer, at the option of the playback software, to specify in detail the genre of advertising you want to see. For example, to specify Toka liquor Toka baby and child care products. Then, playback, you were browsing software, been automatically searches the ad that matches the genre, to make us sink.

How the advertising fee is converted smoothly to the copyright fee is as follows. 1 viewers the content was stored in the local A while you are playing, ad B and see, (1) the content A was observed, (2) the advertisement B was observed, that the 2 the type of information, content playback, browsing software to grasp. Content playback, in viewing software side, the advertiser was set ad B an advertisement fee corresponding to, in each case, withdrawal from an advertiser's account, by subtracting the commission, content A transfer money to create the original copyright holder of the account. Minus the fees, transfer money to the company's account that developed their own software.

In front of the stage to play the ad, advertisers, whether the can deposit a sufficient amount of money sufficient to debit the account, check in advance, if sufficient debits can not be secured, the reproduction of the advertisement is to stop .

These account inquiry, fee debit-transfer, when the viewer to play the content, there is a need to be done in the background ( the actual debit-transfer does not matter in carried out are summarized in Toka end of the month ) . It is the same kind of feeling and settlement functions of the credit card company.

3.2 local download approval of content

Content on the server side, to deal with possibly disappear because of such as a hard disk errors, to be able to download content locally.

Local to download, copy content reproduction, at the time of browsing, playback, browsing software is to play the advertisement data, forcibly viewing the ad. By doing so, automatically the copyright fee in the advertisement viewing, to pay the copyright holder.

Local to download, the contents of the copied content, and the viewer is arbitrarily modified with malicious intent, it is necessary to not to skip the ad. As a countermeasure,

(1) subjected to the data inside the crafted content. Data regarding the timing and number of advertising embeds encrypted or dispersed in the content and not indelible removed by separating the data relating to the advertisement display from the content.

(2) content playback in ,, advance in the content there is no timing data to advertise, you were browsing software, by automatically determining the ad playback timing, even content that forgot the data related to the timing of advertising, advertising the delivery can be to those secure.

3.3 pay-per-view as a free viewing and options

Local storage, at the time of content viewing that you copied, by delivering the latest ads, free for anyone, in the same sense as to see the traditional ad-private broadcasting, seen any number of content, download at any number you like only free , it can be stored locally.

Insertion timing of advertising in content, the content creation source, to as determined freely to some extent. For example, copyright fee is a lot I want content creation source by the advertisement viewing may be the ad insertion timing lot to put in the content.

On the other hand, unpleasant viewers to watch ads, from the playback software, it should be a also possible to transfer money the copyright fee directly, automatically to the copyright holder. Advertising is discontinued and copyright fee transfer by the viewer associated with it, (1) permanent purchase of content ( when viewing the content, not out advertising forever ) , (2) a temporary lease of content ( during the lease period only, the ad does not come out ) , of 2 performed by one of the kind.

As a mechanism, for example, on the local playback software, to register the credit card information. Playback software, from the audience, if there is advertising discontinuation request, sent to the ad server management company to encrypt your credit card information. Management company, and the withdrawal of money from the card, is to ensure that sequentially perform the transfer of the copyright owner, it plays a role in mediating the audience with the copyright holder.

The content is of whether or not the subject of the ad stopped judgment and determination is carried out in the local playback software side which is content data exist. At that time, in order to prevent it to be done without permission ads stop to a malicious user without the payment of copyright fees, data relating to advertising cancel or encryption, or by confusing the format, so that it can not cracking there is a need to.

In addition, in order to tolerate the content is freely back and forth across borders, the to grow, for example, even with the contents of the North American market, in the reproduction software, a residential area in Japan, to no, if you specify the language to Japanese, , of Japan ( in Japanese ) order for your ad to flow. In this case, the Japan Advertising of advertising fees, as it is converted to a copyright fee, by creating a mechanism be paid directly to the copyright holder of foreign countries, beyond the wall of language, that the content flows possible that there is a need to.

3.4 of the public content treatment

Advertiser is no longer able to manipulate the content to the good content of their convenience, based on a spirit of impartiality to eliminate a bias in terms of content, the content, such as flow in a conventional public broadcasting, to the production, the so-called reception fees mandatory to pay for.

In the above free advertising model, as it can not cope with public broadcasting. Thus, the viewer, when you try to play the public content of the pre-local storage, content playback, automatically query the browsing software, whether viewers are paid properly reception fee, the public content creation source, reception only when the authentication of that paying the fee is obtained, create a mechanism for the content that the viewer has saved freely in local, you can play "without the advertising."

By doing this, you pay a monthly fixed subscription fee, it is possible that all of the public content to make unlimited viewing, unlimited downloads to choose their favorite content, the environment that.

4. Benefits

The benefits brought about by local save content free viewing environment by such ad serving are summarized below.

4.1 advertising effect

Ad to show at the time of local content playback, long-time video playback, it is possible to force the full screen display, Web high is much more effective than banner ads Toka, an effect equivalent to that of the current for TV advertising can be expected.

Also, that's the current television programs, advertising to you leave the old things that have been recorded, but will be be shown endlessly ads that do not want to see the viewer in real time, in the local content playback, only advertising part, from time to time in the latest, to those that fit the preferences of the viewer, automatically it is replaced. The viewer is going to feel that you actively see more advertising. Automatically by high freshness ad is played by replacement, advertisers can also be kept high advertising effectiveness of the advertisement.

4.2 improve the quality of content

In the local content playback, content authors, strongly motivated by making the excellent work that does not get tired to see repeated. By doing so, the quality of the works that circulation, 1 remarkably improved as compared with the circumfluence Once the end of the television mainstream of current.

In other words, each time the work is seen, in the hand of copyright fee that advertising fee was converted the author, it means that entering the permanent, took to the author, as can be seen as long seen the works, profitable money Works So it is. And, current DVD because it is not the Toka of package sales items like a sellout, repeated all the way every time a work is seen, it is the lucrative forever forever.

4.3 monetary benefits to viewers

In the audience, because the work for free is available at any number as you like legal, without the financial burden, get the work you want to see of your own free love, save, can be reproduced. Therefore, to more viewers, more diverse work is likely to spread all at once and sustained. Therefore, even for content authors, it is likely born source of revenue.

4.4 more than broadcasting

Currently, for free or flat-rate, in the fixed geographic range, that receive distribution of content at a fixed time, terrestrial, BS is the broadcast of. At present, the act you want to save and recorded broadcast content to the Toka video deck, which is generally recognized. However, in this case, not a fixed time, not seen the content you want to see. In addition, you miss the broadcast in some convenience 2 is often not seen as degrees. Also, do not be seen to want to see in the broadcast outside the area, it is to cover the whole country BS not seen that it is bad weather in broadcasting. In the case of recording of the program after the baseball Toka relay has entered before, every time, while worrying about the change of the broadcast time, not seen and not accurately recording program setting. When the little even mistake the setting, not be recorded properly. Alternatively, the amount that deviates from the original scheduled broadcast time, or contains extra recording data. In addition, it is difficult to cope with a sudden change of the broadcast date and time due to the serious incident outbreak such as earthquakes and terrorism.

In this regard, file exchange and over the Internet, Web in a free download from the server, the content of favorite content when their favorite, at any time, even if I live anywhere, without restrictions such as weather, the content name in addition to specifying, it is possible to enjoy free to download, if even cleared copyright issues, time with the broadcast, to realize the ideal environment to get rid of completely the spatial constraints.

In this sense, thought exchange files over the Internet and to explore the conditions under which compensation payments are compatible to the copyright owner, content viewer, and for both of the author, by all means necessary right away, it is a serious project It is. By doing so, the conventional broadcasting, in terms of non-breaking news, inferior to free downloading from file-sharing or server, is considered to continue to decline soon. Broadcasting is no longer day might be surprisingly close. Various TV tuner with recording machine that assumes the current television broadcasting, instead of the tuner ultra-high-speed LAN attached a connection terminal, will be supplanted by file exchange function with the content storage storage machine.

4.5 more than the movie

At present, if you watch a movie in a movie theater, before that show the contents of the content to the audience, thus wrested from the viewer a fee corresponding to the copyright fee. In short, by flashy publicity, to form a pre-reputation among viewers, it is of letting the mind to pay involuntarily fee. A look at the content, the viewer is also disappointed in the boring of the can, the movie industry does not try to Ojiyo the refund. In such a point, they are the world of the inhabitants of completely "rip-off". And at that price, the content is often 1 is not allowed only to watch degrees. Fond, are not you have to pay if you want to see it again, also a high fee.

Customs of these film industry, are those unjust also called a violence that was far from content viewing form vision for the viewer-oriented, which should in the future be abolished.

The desirable content viewing form for viewers, watching or actually what will the content to the Favorites can have the opportunity to examine fully, thus your favorite content "for free" and then be "any number of times "," it is "enjoy it at any time. To achieve these viewing form is, for now, ad serving with the at the time of content viewing ( to pay the fee by looking at the ad to the copyright holder, enjoy substantially free ) , via the Internet of content data file exchange was ( placed in the hand when you like ) and the local storage environment ( enjoy any number of times at any time ), it can be said that it is ideal.

4.6 local storage content sharing and exchange environment as a huge library

Books, it is possible to watch free content represented in magazines, in terms of the role that plays in the public library is large. However, at present, in order to view the content, it does not not checked out the content go out to the point where there is trouble with the library. Also, if someone else has borrowed its content, yourself it is impossible to immediately viewing the content. Also, do not not once borrowed content also returned.

The author is content data file downloaded via the Internet that are mentioned in the text, exchange-local storage and advertising with playback environment, "the private sector, which is operated by widely across the country - all the world to" dispersed "file holder each person's collection of, a, "" an electronic dealing with digital content data private ", anyone was held in the" million people can watch the content for free ", it is possible to be regarded as a huge one of the" library ". Moreover, it is possible to obtain while maintaining an advantage "content can be viewed by only" point of the library, someone else need not have to worry about whether you owe the content = content in like timing at any time points, and without having to return the content that has been obtained in that it can continue to permanently retained can be said to be easy to use content viewing environment beyond the limits of the traditional library.

4.7 content scattered advantage

In the content data file exchange - local storage and advertising with playback environment via the Internet, each content, between widely across the country - all "distributed" to the world file holder, it can be present in multiple distributed. Therefore, severely damaged areas with earth by natural disasters, file holder of that region died all, even if the files have been destroyed, between the file holder us the rest of the region, the same it is possible that the contents of the file continues to exist is copied. This, the current web so that the base of providing information, content from one server is delivered in a centralized managed form, once Coquelles to crash the server machine in such a disaster, content quickly it is as disappear in an instant from the ground become a worldwide inaccessible in contrast. In such a point, file exchange environment via the Internet, for the preservation of the content and re-distribution, Web said to be a more ideal form than the like.

4.8 benefits to amateur content creators

Content data file download, in the exchange - local storage and advertising with playback environment, amateur content creators, in that it can be freely released on the net your own content, it is possible to obtain a current and unchanging convenience.

In addition, since the copyright fee that conversion of the advertising fee becomes available, the content producer who has created and released the content of excellent content, which is all to the repeated playback, financially much moisture, publishers and broadcasting it is not necessary to grovel to head to the station or the like, standing on its own as a professional, is opened or the way to make a living.

4.9 more than the fanzine Comic Market

Fanzine creator of such comics as well, even without going to ride, such as the one by one night train to fanzine spot sale market to be held in major cities, or even not have a stock of physical printed matter, their own publications Download and able to receive and read, and yet, it is possible to receive a copyright fee that advertising fee had been converted. Readers, without going one by one to the Comic Market, while staying in their own residence, free of charge, a variety of fanzine, like crazy to download to your heart's content, it is possible to be absorbed in reading. That point, will the current Comic Market toward the decline.

4.10 content media, package unnecessary Theory

Content data file download, in the exchange - local storage and advertising with playback environment, content creators, the pre-copyright owner account on registered on a dedicated server, on my own, on the net, file exchange and web from in means of download, etc., as long as handouts your own content, by the viewer to play the content with advertising, even without the aid of something the media, on their own, can be recovered a copyright fee .

In this regard, publishers, bookstores, CD / DVD , such as package sales, without the help most the power of the existing content distribution and sales media, such as rental companies, so that the content can trade with. In that respect, such existing media is considered to be significantly impair its influence.

From being left in the existing media, or Mai there than a much function as a content advertising media. Even then, if the content creators on their own web launch the of like a site, if you put advertising on Toka huge bulletin board, it might become after the completion with it.

In addition, currently, books, music, movies, the content of animation, etc., dressed in glittering package, bookstores and expensive price, music CD but default that are aligned in the shop over-the-counter, in the future, these content all it distributed in the form of a file on the net, since it is possible to get the consideration of copyright the author has turned as it is advertising fees, need to be distributed in the package is weakened. But I think there also are enthusiasts of collectors to dare buy an expensive package, believed to remain in the minority.

5. Issues

Here, we describe the problems with the content free viewing environment by the advertisement playback.

5.1 The need for fake content prevention

Of the above, is to become the most problem free delivery by advertisement viewing of local content, copyright fees advertising fee is in turn does not go to the original author, will go to the place of the fake spoofing, impersonation work it is that there is likely to be made.

For example, someone else to freely edit the title of the video file with the copyright, as if he pretends that became the copyright holder, as incoming advertising fee in his place, forgery be ( production of pseudonym file ) is considered to be rampant.

As a countermeasure,

(1) content in the interior, books of the ISBN you put a copyrighted material number of like a symbol + number ( encrypted ) . This copyrighted material number, already be registered with the copyright fee account information server. At the time of content viewing, this work number, reading the content playback software, to query the copyright fee account information server. Server, content name of the corresponding copyrighted material number ( and, copyright's name if necessary ) return to. Content playback software, and content name that is returned from the server, the content name that is attached to the Toka file name of the local content ( and, in some cases, copyright's name ) is determined to match and, whether or not the real thing. If it is determined that the fake, so as not to reproduce the content. Alternatively, the playback software so as to screen the copyright owner name and content name that is returned from the server, the viewer, it may be determined whether or not the fake.

1 per one of copyrighted material number, correct content name and copyright a user to uniquely determined. At the time of copyrighted material number registration, provided with a check engine, work number and the content name and the copyright owner name is matched correctly, that you are consistent, check, so as to examination. For example, a malicious third party, as copyright fee to enter to his bosom, with the new copyright number, as well as attempts to register the content that is from the old, as long as the content name exists from the old, copyright owner name corresponding to it so as to enter the field name in automatically modified non-form by the system, a malicious third party to be able to prevent that as possible become the copyright holder.

Than Toka file-sharing software, when the file download start, first by analyzing the beginning of the contents of the downloaded cache to try, and read-ahead and work number, and a file name, to match the server, attached to the work in which it is determined whether or not the file name is correct, if it is found the fake, as well as to stop the download, it is also possible to issue a fake warning.

It should be noted that, in place of the copyrighted material number, content name is embedded in the forgery impossible form in the file, or may be to query directly to the server the copyright owner name.

(2) content in the interior, the copyright holder, the file is leave placed in the "electronic watermark" information indicating that it is a real thing, at the time of content viewing, matching the copyright owner information in the file name and the watermark is and whether to check that. Alternatively, if it is altered or did not contain the watermark, as a fake, so as to disable the contents of the content. By doing so, fake it is conceivable that take all possible measures of measures so as not to gain unauthorized copyright fee.

In fact, the file name of the content, the Toka file exchange, it is necessary to correctly specified, the file name is wrong, because the content is not downloaded, alteration of the file name may not be much Hayara.

However, some, aimed at disrupting, sometimes intentionally file name forgery is done, there is a need to deal with it.

Alternatively, the content file beginning, work name, if you take the method of embedding the copyright holder information, in order to prevent the forgery of information, is embedded a password that corresponds to both of the copyrighted work database within the content, both work only if the corresponding match or correctly is played ( if you do not support, "fabrication is content" and a warning to stop the playback ) may be considered to ensure that.

6. Conclusion

In the content creation side, also in view of the content of the old work that has been saved and replicated to the local, the ad because latest is delivered from the net, can be a new content similar revenue source. Since free of, Could a lot seen in the viewer, it is possible to promote the use ~ reputation formation of each content. In the content creation side, the ads put out at the time of audition by the viewer, it is determined the height of the advertising fee.

In the advertisement providing side, always, the latest, it is possible to show the audience the ad that matches the taste of the viewer, it is possible to connect securely to the sales-up of advertising products.

The viewer, in any content, as long as look at the ad, enjoy the viewing for free. In addition, without being tied to a time as in a conventional timed broadcast viewing, enjoy the download-viewing of favorite content anytime, anywhere.

Also, the dissemination by a copy of the content that has been that there is no conventionally well, that copyright fees by advertising at the time of viewing copy content is made to enter the copyright owner, it is justified. But rather, that the content is increased by a copy, because the increase in the amount of copyright fees by advertising enters the copyright holder, a copy of the content is made to the fact that the situation should be welcomed by the copyright owner.

In addition, even from no matter how old content, if I was even update the account information that the copyright holder is properly copyright fee is credited to the latest ones, for the copyright fee by advertising enters the copyright owner, the old local content to "not wear a dust", for the copyright holder, also will be available as a source of revenue forever.

In such a point, "the content creator = copyright holder" and "advertisers", of "audience" 3 between the person, " win-win-win relationship" is established. In other words, local storage, at the time of viewing copy content, play the latest ad file, the mechanism that turn the advertisement fee to the copyright holder, it is possible that each people of each stand to benefit, that point, fine as a business it can be said that the establishment is.

In order to establish this business, content playback to mediate advertisers and copyright holders, acts of third parties to authenticate the copyright holder of browsing software development company, and the work is important. To accumulate know-how for its will on the success of the "free" content business for the future of the audience, a big key.

( Here is a link to the previous version ) .

( Reference ) current of similar systems

And techniques content that describes to the person Beji, a similar system already exists.

" NetLeader (NTT Communications ) is a link to the page of".

NetLeader is premised on content distribution by the file-sharing software.

One by one of the content file to embed the advertising and billing information.

By looking at advertising, a license for viewing for the first time content, given to the audience. Instead of advertising, alternative means such as the answer to the questionnaire are also possible with.

Approach proposed in this page ( hereinafter referred to as "advertising automatic insertion method" ) The difference between the,

(1) NetLeader is, it is embedded advertising and billing information directly to the content. On the other hand, this page technique ( "ad automatic insertion method" ) in, the content itself without embedded advertising and billing information, ad selection and reproduction, in the content browsing and playback software side, in each case, the latest of since carried out has taken the advertising, along with the content becomes older, it is possible to avoid a situation that the ads become outdated.

(2) NetLeader in, advertising and content providers should not and not together. Content provider, or determine the contents of such advertising you want to see the audience in advance, do you need to prepare. On the other hand, this page technique ( "ad automatic insertion method" ) in, the conversion to the advertising and content and of association and advertising fees of copyright fee, in each case, in the content viewing and playback software side, the content provider newly carried out independently of the. Therefore, the contents of the advertisement for the content, there is no need time to think in Kontetsu provider side.

(3) collection of copyright fees, NetLeader in, are intercepted by looking at the ads indication of the content providers, with respect to not not enter the copyright fees itself, this page technique ( "ad automatic insertion method" ) in the third of advertisers fee that is independent of the content provider, and converted to a copyright fee, it is credited directly to the content provider's account. Therefore, in this page technique, the copyright fees directly to the cache ( cash ) there is a merit that can be recovered as.

In terms of the above, the idea that noted on this page, is considered a better approach is superior.

The freedom to game

2005.05 first appearance

Existing game, the user, in advance, plots and conditions creator side is decided, it is only going to clear the hurdle. Alternatively, only single-mindedly advance the author in accordance with the inconvenient constraints set route. Producer's side, with each other to unilaterally regulatory and constrain the user.

For example, driving a car game, to only just race which runs a fixed course, even if the train driving game, it is only those that must be stopped the train was decided to limit the time position.

Alternatively, simulation games and adventure games ( love, etc. ) , for each course to advance, what happens, is determined in advance. It set out the creator-side is that we never occurs, the user can not cause. In order to reach the "correct" such as Good end, a predetermined event, it is required to earnestly Konasu silently as set by the game production side.

The user, no matter how the game turned to good, can not be out of the game creator side of the set in the box. That point, the user is a passive, only to follow the existing cases, it is not creative. Although a user to purchase a capture book in order to reach the "correct answer", "Good end" of the game there are many, in the first place, for the game, a predetermined "correct" or whether the ending is probably something you need ? By the game creator or not than it ends in mere ready-made for the user ?

From now on, the game producer's side, as much as possible, without setting a frame, so that the user can freely masquerade, should set the room.

For example, as in the free driving game, where to, where to be operated, where you should not be creating a free game be stopped when and cars ?

In addition, the game is about how much good, scoring a user by the game production side, ranking, level numeric value of Toka attack power, it is necessary to release from the evaluation. These are all the same idea as the testing and performance evaluation of the school, the game creator side grip the "correct answer", it means that dominate the user.

The future of the game is, what happens, is not determined in advance, for example, also through the same place, that and that takes place at any given time, should make the game the status of the landscape Toka changes. Thereby can not be used is capture this, the user can enjoy the fun to experience the unknown of space and events at any given time.

Alternatively, it is starting from a favorite spot on your own, promote your favorite course without constraints freely, at any time, Dari rest as much as you want, not unilaterally evaluation game that can, or the results that stops, without scoring I think that there may be a game.

Pre-fixed ending, course, not is that scenario, the Toka random number, or events and course changes freely that occur from time to time, or is newly synthesized, in short, is beyond the producer's side of the setting frame freedom, room, or not than there may be a versatile game ?

For characterization of the game hero

The current state of TV · PC video game, the protagonist of personality, has become a ready-made from the game manufacturer, the user, not the hero with a pre-determined forced personality, to be played during the game by the manufacturer It has led to the situation. For example, while the user prefer a polite attitude is playing a game, the hero of in the game, and seems to indicate a rough boorish attitude in dialogue with others, the user during the game against the hero, "he is a different personality's and after all their own" can not be empathy believe, will feel boring. And personality of these users, the state of conflict is happening between the hero of the nature of the game, must be overcome.

To resolve this problem, it is necessary to the one that suits the character of the hero to the user. More specifically, the character of the hero, the one that suits beforehand to yourself, it is considered that to be able to set freely. For example, Toka introverted, Toka methodical, Toka carefully, and set in advance, dialogue choices to suit the personality to make out during the game.

Above, ( at the to be Kiro made by the user ) in order to realize that you as determined the character set of the hero at the user side, it must clear the following problems.

1) When the main character of the dialogue decision, "people of this kind of personality, in this scene, or think about these things, should he or saying" that must be provided the data on the personality psychology in advance. In short, although the rationale, support for appropriate dialogue set of games in each scene is not is necessary, game makers is whether there is a commitment to hire a psychologist for this purpose is a problem.

2) the number of character to be prepared, must be increased variations of the words of the hero. For example, conversation, every scene, leave classified by the nature of the hero, according to the scenario of the game, appropriate from among its database ( the main character ) to be able to take out the speech content, the database of the conversation content It is considered that it is necessary. Existing game makers, these, or will withstand the burden, such as dialogue the number and type of diversification, that becomes a problem.

If the impossible is possible to say this, on to at least game exterior package, "the hero of this game is ○○ nature." It will be shown in advance and the like.

The music critic of the way of such classic

2006.4 first appearance

The music critic of the way of the classic, such as the current situation, there are many problems. The author is summarized below problems and improved policies to be aware of current situation.

(1) it should be introduced a blind evaluation. In short, when the evaluation, the performer name, label name, and the like, so as not to pre-revealed. By doing so, the performer name, does not depend on the famous label whether or not, etc., fairness, become possible objective evaluation.

Of the present situation, the performer name, in the method of evaluation reveals label name in advance, is as it is, evaluation, already with respect to the performance of the award-winning famous musicians and labels sweet, anonymous or not a home, the performer not there is a section that is fairly painful.

The above also applies to the composer.

(2) multiplayer, should be introduced evaluation by multiple people. At present, 1 ～2 is carried out in the evaluation by the people about the critics. If This is it, are you evaluated, may we critic matching of their own and sensibility, but that's evaluation of the critic is deviated of their own and sensibility, a result that performance that has been described as interesting is boring is occur. If more than one person, the evaluation becomes multilateral, it is considered to accuracy is increased.

(3) should be introduced the adjective evaluation. As a critic reader, there is that I want to know quick impression of the songs and playing. In that case, simply, is only referred to Toka good or bad, it's pupil, compared with the original musical score, remains what the performance of the do not know well, is absolutely, no good that there is no specific adjective representation.

For example, "heavy - light" - on a sheet obtained by arranging adjective "Bright Dark", etc., for each adjective 5 put mark out, displayed as a histogram, it aggregates the evaluation results of the plurality of persons by issuing Te, it is possible to grasp the atmosphere of the songs and playing at a glance.

2006 first appearance

"Moe picture" art of features ( 1990 or later 's)

2006.10-2009.1 　first appearance

Japanese anime, in character representation of the comic 1990 came to be pronounced in the later's, the features of the painted face and figure of the young woman character "Moe picture" are summarized below.

No.	Part	Moe picture before ( 1980 's)	Moe picture ( 1990 or later 's)
(1)	Eyelashes	long. A lot.	Absent. Substitute at the end of the projection. It is clean.
(2)	eye	Horizontal.	Vertical. Circle-square circle.
		It stops in a small circle. Close to the size of the eye of a living body.	Large circle, exaggerated to the ellipse.
		Size of the pupil is small.	Size of the pupil is large.
		Monochromatic color of the pupil. No shade.	Color multi-color transition of a pupil. There is light and shade.
		No reflection of light to the eyes.	Reflection of light to the eyes, there is reflection.
		No glow of the pupil.	There is brilliance of the pupil.
(3)	nose	When viewed from the front, large. long. To represent the bridge of the nose.	When viewed from the front, it stops only in a very small projection. The bridge of the nose is hardly display.
(Four)	mouth	Up and down two projections of the lips is large. Represent the tooth to real.	No lips of projections. Shack was open only. Representing a closed mouth only a short arc of the line. Omitted or teeth, expressed in very small simplified.
(Four)	hair	Without representation hair flow. fill.	The hair of the flow, displayed by capturing the changes in the direction of lighting.

Whether or not the picture is "Moe picture" is determined by the most facial expressions.

Face, rather than faithfully mimic the actual face of the living body, by adding a bold deformation, the picture Moe. That is,

- eyes and a pupil greatly emphasized,

Draw-a pupil, such as fresh to reflect the light,

And other eyelashes and nose, raised such as lips, with minimal protrusion,

Not Gotegote in general, not showy, refreshing, a light, a picture began to finish the cute modeling is, it can be said to be a picture Moe.

Male prototype of the picture Moe, the eyes and the pupil large, the cuteness of facial expression girl comics in the prototype emphasize, female author has gripped the original initiative on the drawing, which was there to feel the charm of as the opposite sex the author is entering a new, female, male author both, mainly in the male consumer, considered until now constantly evolving as the girl a picture of feel clean cute as a more heterosexual.

Where the eyes of and pupil large, but large influence of comic that became the prototype, there is no garish the decoration, and it is refreshing simplicity, it can be said that a large influence of the preference of the main consumer serving as a man of the picture.

The above description of the Moe picture is, but is for the female character representation of the male consumer and the target, Apart from this, also picture Moe depicting the face and figure of the young male character for women, BL , such as in prosperity, it is considered to have a current strong momentum.

Appearance of male character seen in the picture Moe for women, men original violent is, reduce the boisterous of, teenager specific, beauty and elegance, nobility (the degree of pride and self-love height), fragility, transience, it can be said that is what was to strengthen the nature of female preference, such as the integration of the character mutual (homosexuality by between men).

Bibliography

STUDIO HARD MX ( production) anime heroine Pictorial - History of the fictional girl heroine forty years - 　bamboo Shobo　1999

First appearance

Story evaluation points such as Anime & Comics

2007.04 first appearance

TV broadcast, DVD , are distributed in the book, or the like, animation, comics (in addition to movies, drama, games) for the story of, the viewer is interesting, interested - boring, and the evaluation point to make a judgment following They are summarized in.

The viewer, have fun, loose, Some heart-warming and human story is exclusively love was, taste as interesting dynamic battle scenes in serious, some people loose to do not accept.

The following table serves as a reference of type classification of such viewers, the story evaluation point by the viewer, is extracted from the evaluation expression seen in the Internet bulletin board, etc., in my subjective 4 we summarize classified into one of the factors.


1	Positive - negative
	Fun, be exhilarated	Of anger, sad, sank
	bright	dark
	Of good faith, good people, of justice	Malicious, of the wicked
	Honest, with no sides	Full of intrigue, betrayal

2	Thrill
	Of very loose, relaxed	Was nervous
	Perching, laid-back	Good move, busy
	peaceful	Of combat, of killing, of destruction
	Silly, laugh, gag	Seriously, a serious
	Peace of mind	It is stirred up anxiety

3	Good story
	Warm, it was heartwarming	Cold, frosty
	be impressed	Cool was, apathy I
	Of kindness, wet	Business-like, dry

4	Time elapsed
	Time, the muscle does not proceed	Time, proceeds muscle
	Not grow	grow up
	Of usual, repeat, of endless	There is a last, to complete

Anime that are circulated, the comics or the like, there are various types, but many also face that does not go in the tricky evaluation criteria of the story is also, at present, the above-mentioned 4 in the classification, roughly 70 ～80 of percent is made cover It is considered that it is the.

2007 first appearance

Boys for love animation, features of the game human relations

August 2007 first appearance

Family relationships of men's hero is sparse.

Live at home family is not.

It is daily life alone.

Childhood friend of the girls, come to wake in the morning.

Girls, approached from the other side, me interested.

Popular with multiple women. Girls us have a favorable impression.

Reality in the late crop types of people can not call out to women is also, in the game is, women can have that relationship.

Most often heroes of the age stops at the high school level.

It does not become an adult.

Love of adults with each other is not drawn.

Reality of not applying a voice to women late crop types of men, is happening because they are intended for men can not have not get over the voice.

Men, already adult, adults, even people who have become middle-aged of age including.

Forever can not have the real women the relationship, "not ripen" as the opposite sex is a people-friendly.

And Moe

By Toka animation and comics, it has become as is frequently used phrase Moe but that, or will to have the what implications?

The Moe, originally in the spring, by the time the organism enters the active phase from hibernation, and bud buds of the plant, swell is Toka buds, refers to a way to extend.

If you do, blow with the activities sense of life, expansion, summary of the extension is, human beings Toka is (other Toka animal), and estrus to favorite opponent, with the aim of reproductive activity, genital (male penis Toka women's nipples, clitoris Toka) is, erection, or extension, emotionally uplifting, excitement, from the fact that swell customers and common surface can be seen, those that are semantically diverted to the latter is considered.

In any case, the underlying, there are activities sense Toka dynamism of life, it is, budding some linked to reproductive activities, the operation ~ sense of expansion, can lead to organisms, including human beings , the use of the phrase Moe in common it will be that it is.

2008.05 first appearance

Bus-car recording, the recording failure factor

2008.09 first appearance

1. Automatic speech

· Train driver can not hear squeeze reduce the automatic voice volume.

· Train driver is in his announcement voice, to override the automated voice.

· Train driver is, by omitting the automated voice that is at stake on the way now, will continue to the next step.

- motorman is, by a microphone operated while the automatic speech rests, the volume of the automatic speech becomes temporarily smaller.

- the volume of automated voice is too large, the cracking sound.

In the speaker failure, automatic voice no sound.

· Train driver is, forget rang the automated voice that matches the bus stop, shifts.

2. Announcement voice of the train driver

· Train driver of the announcement voice, too small, too large.

- motorman is too talkativeness.

3. noise

3-1. Noise that make the passenger

(Physiological phenomenon)

- passengers, sneezing.

- passengers, and Gohongohon a cough.

- passengers, sip slurping a runny nose.

(Put out the voice)

· Passengers talking with other passengers.

· Passengers talking on a mobile phone.

And intellectual disabilities and the elderly passengers are German.

- Toka children of the passengers, fussing aloud, cry.

(Make a sound)

- passengers, sound Chirinchirin the bell.

- passengers, the chuck by the Biribiri sound, to open and close.

- passengers, to say rustling the newspaper.

- passengers, to say Gasagasa the shopping bag.

- passengers, drink make a slurping sound a drink.

- passengers, eat make a messy sound food.

(mobile phone)

· Passengers talking on a mobile phone.

And mobile phone ring tone is heard.

And mobile phones of the input sound is heard and Pipopa.

3-2. Noise make of car equipment

Air conditioners air balloon sound is heard in the large acoustic.

3-3. Noise of the outside of the vehicle

· Speech Toka is heard in large acoustic.

Promoting sound and advertising car (right-wing, etc.) can be heard.

- ambulance Toka warning sound of (folk, Woo Woo) can be heard.

- motorcycle gang running sound of hear.

3-4. The noise of the train driver

- motorman is not a cold, cough or sneeze.

4. Shooting obstacle

Bar is present in the seat front.

Plastic plate is present in the seat front.

· Seat blind is taken down, and is not visible outside of the scenery.

Education Hen - a small box of thinking -

The reform of the examination system in Japan Education

- Anyone proposal of a qualification test introduction to be received at any time -

(Test system in Japan of elementary school - the University, author and should change from the status quo that the order to pass to a specific school is considered. The future of the test is, purely to measure student achievement, many times when you like But by, for example, received is so, I think we should change to the test in order to be able to take advantage in such employment that number as the official qualifications.)

Test system of elementary school - University of Japan should change from the status quo that the order to pass to a specific school. The purpose of the test is, deviates significantly from the purpose that milestone each of capacity measurement of learning there should be original, because they've become better exam itself for the senior school pass. Therefore, for the students, not the original purpose of education that improve the ability to live and adapt to the external environment to their own wheel of fortune, is itself to enter the senior school they've been self-purposed.

The future of the test, purely to measure student achievement, anyone, regardless of age, open reduction, such as to be received any number of times at any time, so that you can take advantage of in such employment that number as official qualifications It should be turned into a test of the order to. By the way, the numerical value of the test is likely to be used as official qualifications ( or, already available has been that ) as a conventional test, center test, English at the time of college entrance examination TOEIC there is a kind of test.

In the following, elementary, junior high school - college level ( including the society's ) for the test system in, the current situation and the author of the reform plan, has said to be contrasted in a table format.

	Current status	The author of the reform proposals
[1] indicator of the ability	The ability, the name of the school the student has passed ( brand ) measure by. ( Problems ￬) (1) and enrolled the school name of the students do not know, it takes time and effort in that it is not possible to know the ability of students. In addition, since the school name is the key to measure the ability, born brand faith of-school, is to enroll in prestigious schools, very to become more than necessary , academic background is generated produce side effects such as. (2) due to the school of the popularity of the change, the ability level that is required to pass fluctuates. (3) the student's ability, can not be considered objectively from the outside of school that examination of students. If I dare say, but can also be an objective numerical value with a deviation value of the order to pass to the school, not a number with public support. In addition, to know the ability of students to search the school name, then in the feeling know the deviation value of the school 2 is required stage.	The student's ability, rather than the index lacks the stability of objectivity and evaluation, such as school name, measure in a way that creates the ability certificate-class in Japan - anywhere in the world. Ability, English TOEIC as in the test, by an independent Japan - worldwide testing laboratory from the school, unified ranked in reaching each level, or to measure in the form of the form of points. They carved the name of the school, and the students of the ability, to be independent of each other. ( Improvements ￬) (1) without being bound to graduate school name, it is possible to carry out the students' ability judgment. (2) indicators to measure the ability level of the students is stable. (3) the student's ability, anyone can be estimated in a fair same index opened.
[2] Number of tests	Take the opportunity of throughout life is, elementary → junior high school, junior high school → high school, high school → only a few times of the university. In addition, the number of each of the test, 1 per one of the school, 1 in year 1 only once are common. ( Problems ￬) (1) test to fail is not allowed, in a pathetic resolution 1 must face the test of alone with times. (2) When a number of times to fail the test, resulting in only in its evaluation of the student dropped it.	Test, anyone ( including the working people ) , whenever you want, to be received any number of times those of the favorite level. ( Improvements ￬) (1) increasing the chance of the test, 1 even failed once, it is possible to get back immediately and then re-examination. Is fun to take the test, you will be able to relax. (2) the student is a purpose to determine whether or not has reached the extent to which they want reach level, rather than several times received, several points of the now is important. Examination number of times is not a problem.
[3] timing of the test	Full-scale test is only when you enroll in senior school. Once you have once enrollment, graduation at the time of somewhat If there is often out in Tokoroten formula even worse results. As a result, it has led to when the students would once entered the desire of the school, where it lost the purpose of the study, waste to spend that precious time. ( Problems ￬) (1) the timing of the test is limited at the time of enrollment. (2) in order not to academic problems at the time of graduation, while in school, students do not study much.	The test results, but of course can also be used as an admission at the time of the article, but rather, at the time of student and graduate, used as the ability - test to determine whether or not to have it corresponding ability. In addition, the society who have already graduated from the school, so that now can also be used in order to yourself to check each time you have the ability to be accepted in the extent to which society. In the university graduate level, conventional national public servants I / II may be carried out independently of the things that strikes to the contents of the species tested by subjects. ( Improvements ￬) (1) the timing of the test at any time if when you want to receive the student, is arbitrary. (2) and the final exam in school, because it can also be used in the form of a graduation test, while in school, so students to study.
[4] take the exam	The test, students receive school ( for example, the University of ) one of a school than the ( high school ) has not been completed to enroll in ( or if not a complete forecast ) is difficult to receive. In the university entrance exam, even if not out of the high school, but take the exam can be obtained in the so-called "Daiken", it has been regarded as a back course is not a regular. Test ( for example, high school ) is a certain age (15) does not receive and not to. ( Problems ￬) (1) difficult to take and do not attend properly to school. (2) even if there is a capability to the student, it must wait for the exam until they reach a certain age.	Test also is not out of the school, may not attend school, it is freely received in self-taught. If the areas of their own self-confidence, even at what age ( even if early age, in the even older ) , regardless of age, can receive a test of the favorite level ( grade-skipping, corresponds to the age limit abolished ) . Raison d'etre of the school, in the test, the student is to take the number of the level that he wants to efficiently plan to study in Hagemeru so, there is a point to be empathetic guidance. It exceeds the efficiency at the time of self-taught. ( Improvements ￬) (1) without being tied to school to school, it is possible to freely appeal towards a society that is open to the ability that stretched up to his now. (2) If the ability some students can take without being tied to age.
[5] passed the concept of	Taking a certain level or more points it is necessary to "pass". ( Problems ￬) (1) Sarezu on whether much of a problem took many points scores in the test, fall into "points to take is from good any number of points, anyway it is sufficient to pass" in the short-term goal setting and. (2) the number of which is a pass line varies in each school and testing, is unclear.	There is no concept of "pass". Several points were taken, the score itself is evaluated. ( Improvements ￬) (1) by number, now you are in what level is the ability specifically because they take many points, be aware of the fact that it becomes the final target. Knowing your current ability level to the objective, it is suitable for learning achievement learning. (2) the number of trials, English TOEIC as in, by aligning the level of the individual test questions, a universal value exceeding the school may be annually stabilized.
[6] test level setting	For each of the entrance examination stage, middle school enrollment, high school enrollment, only that the university 3 for one of each other greatly spaced arrival level, must be received by aligning the level in each subject.	For each subject, it is not necessary to align the arrival level, for example, high school students, favorite subjects exam to stretch up to university entrance level, weak subjects it becomes possible, such as take the junior high school entrance level again. The number of levels reached, conventionally, increasing by providing a new intermediate level between the level that was spaced large like between junior-high school, reducing the disparities in each level, smooth continuously be able to reach the advanced level to.
[7] test field	Without their interests, or from out in society are allowed to forcibly received in even one set test of the field to be unnecessary.	It is possible to receive to choose their favorite, the test of the field to help out in society. It is required a score of subjects required at the time of employment from the government and corporate side, according to it, for the pre-need subjects may be an effort to take more than the necessary number.
[8] use as a qualification	The results of the tests, in principle, to-class only to the school of prospective. Although high deviation value school is also possible to receive the treatment of "designated schools" such as informally during the job, it does not mean that there is public support.	Test scores of their own received is, as official qualifications as it represents your current capabilities, and accepted in the society.

In the above-author of the reform plan, the past, the Japanese have a monopoly on public education, whether it is what is the role of public and private schools ? It is a "prep" in the public a qualification test. Official qualifications regardless of the not go go to school, that is given to all ability a person, monopoly is no longer of educational opportunities by the conventional school. In short, it's may not go to school ( the prior art, it is of course to go, the students not to go, regardless of their ability, had been allowed to feel guilty in uniform ) . However, those who carried out is, the minute that professional teachers are attached, can proceed more efficiently learning, it will be that it is profitable. Excellent The school, to get a high score in the student public a qualification test to attend the school, is that the school can appeal that the human capacity necessary for the survival have at a sufficiently high level.

Conventional, prep school was the presence of shade for only complement the public education. However, prep school is, at the same time, Japan's school performs a ranking of every student performance by the deviation value that is not recognized officially, all the students, in order to go and distributes to senior school level that has been in each of ability there was even in the presence not. In short, to assess the ability of students a global perspective of the Japan national level, the results are published is to compete the students with each other, it can be said that was an important presence.

In the above-mentioned reform plan, schools, public and private, regardless of certified and non-certified, all will be turn into prep of order to take a satisfactory score in a public capacity qualification test ( "total prep of the school " ) . Preparatory School was a shade treatment up to now, it will be suddenly Popping in the sun.

However, to say that the total prep of the school, it is the traditional prep school are essentially different. The essence of what traditional prep school is said to deviation value education has played, was a relative evaluation of results. Deviation value, their own is better than with others like, is intended to make the evaluation that is inferior. Competition, drop kick the others, it was a means to stand in a relatively advantageous position. In the above-mentioned reform plan, results are not compared with others, indicates the degree with the means that can be the person that only received the test survive in the harsh natural-social environment, it aims to be used as an absolute scale. The number of official capacity qualification test is not in order to compare with others, it is the rule of thumb that only measure their own ability level at that time. In that respect, the new "prep school" that the aim is the absolute evaluation of the results. However, in such as during employment, because will the students of employment in the order of high score obtained from the authorities and companies is determined, at which point, the number of absolute evaluation, can be also be diverted to the relative evaluation. Absolute evaluation can also serve as a relative evaluation, can not be the other way around.

It is to be noted that the above-mentioned official qualifications, will be included also Toka morality. Although it is often thought to be difficult original scoring, or those that the qualification test of basic morality, people are well aware how much the desired value on going live go, survived on the planet, also, it is considered to be a measure whether the actually attached to himself. Correctness of morality, rather than correct because the teacher said, a student himself, is in the correct because useful in order to continue to survive as life forms on earth, level the values avail of such a human survival in every achievement It turned into, the students themselves would be desirable to induce as aggressively aimed at the higher level.

In the reform, it should government forms is the development of the test Question presentation environment for enabling a uniform capability level measured height stably. In order to align as far as possible the levels every time, had previously been stored, the problem group pool you sure you advance in the same level, such as the means necessary means to questions by extracting problems randomly using a computer to become.

Further, it population that conventional class from student management in units, required achievement level management independent apart each individual student. Is possible to achieve this, it overcame wet way to uniformly manage confine the students to the framework of traditional class, newly recognize an individual's personality and freedom, to school life with a healthy dry of It seems to lead.

In order to allow a diversity of achievement in the ability surface of these students, at the same time, the student individual personality of results, their'm different from the people, it must have measures to solve the loneliness that'm alone to become. To that end, new information and communication network at the international level ( eg, the Internet ) using a conventional ( especially of elementary school - high school level ) can not be obtained in a narrow territorial level, fellow with common interests and reach the level that he ( age, gender, occupation, etc. various ) communication with, solidarity, is considered a psychological support each other is essential.

Examination of studying game and animation

(This is a conventional TV to games and animation, is what we propose to put the elements to help more Department study. User, TV while stuck on the contents of the game and animation, unwittingly, nature and the Department of to be able to continue to master the content, what kind of ideas, we have to consider whether it Toriirere to the contents of the game and anime.)

1. study game

If you're doing just video games, school work is neglected, subject grades fall, to often see criticism that. Since before the test, to seal the game machine voluntarily, words such as is well.

"Tokimeki Memorial ( Konami, PlayStation other ) ," "much together ( Toshiba EMI , PlayStation) , such as", in the simulation game in which the school stage, when the numerical value of the item of humanities and sciences increases, automatically results order up, so as to easily catching the interest of the girl. In this case The problem, the numerical value of the liberal arts and sciences is, even if in practice is not to study anything, regardless of the improvement of real achievement is that would up in easily with only a simple operation that the command selection. In this, the video game is, after all, is a play, it becomes the evaluation that should not be the sum of a real study.

To say whether, in the conventional learning edutainment software, called "Let's learn about ○○", target becomes exposed, it becomes insipid repetition of solving the problem → correct explanation. This is not much different classes at school, only it is not possible to attract users who are interested in studying itself.

While maintaining the game of, how to, a user who becomes a hero, or to help advance the subject learning, is a problem to be solved. For example, for junior high school - University students, while obtaining useful knowledge of the exam, and yet design a game of any content to to enjoy as a game, or can be created, it is necessary to solve the problem. "If you can clear the game ○○, marked with achievement of just put the university level ○○" there is a need to be as say that.

Conventionally, in order to give priority to the study, had been away from the game, the user layer was indifferent to the game, it is to present how good or ideas do to be excavated as a new game user base, the author in the text it is the aim of.

○ dating simulation or love adventure game

As a solution for the above-mentioned problems, sexual impulses of the user, longing and to the opposite sex, I would like to romance, dating, should like it to the opposite sex, I want to see the naughty things, a strong impulse, such as , initiator of the subject learning, think that to take advantage as the driving force.

It takes the form of love game of small to high school students. Friendly mathematics ( arithmetic ) in-language and English, such as the theme, in order to continue the romance, to require the subject learning.

The grade of the school to be the stage of the game, and resulting in a clarification to any of the reality of the elementary-middle school-high school, the layers to the game, so is limited to within each grade, fictional "○○ school "ambiguity in to and the like, to allow the user of various grade layer to the target. In the first game, and the achievement test, to be able to start the game story from the place that suits your performance results. Can point to initiate a study to suit your level is the same as that of such "Kumon".

As the love of the opposite sex to appear as the hero progresses, so that is progressing subject learning of the hero unwittingly.

In the following, in order to facilitate comparison with the conventional love games, hero = male, heterosexual = woman ( girl ) advance the story on the assumption that.

Coming out girls, and to excel in talent on something subject. For example, A child's, such as ancient writing but is good, the other is useless. For girls excel subject, so bring up the topic of girls are good subjects touch to fold, do not when the hero does not go with it. The girl is no good subject, the hero is, do I need to teach her the correct knowledge and learning method.

Coming out girls, or good at something of the subject, eager to study, to the hero, on an ongoing basis, and questions about the relevant subject, and the hero is, it can be seen that there is no knowledge or sense for that subject, girl but, it would shake the hero at that time. To continue a date with a girl, the main character, knowledge and sense of the subject, if you decide do I need to wear continuously, game player to hit the hero, do not enter the body in the study ?

In the game, it appeared rivals compete for grades and girls, perform a decisive battle on the study. Lose and, thus taken the girl to the rival. To get back the girl from the rival, do I need met with grades in excess of rivals.

Subject mini-test, to as is done in a short period. And it does not take the point may be the subject test ( when the results the sum of the mini-test is not good ) , the girl corresponding to the subject, not Sasoe to date ( also refused invited ) . On the contrary, I take the point may be the subject, interested, girl corresponding to the subject is approaching. The final exam 1 instead of this game ( of course, although a large testing the culmination of learning content should also be prepared ) , to allow stacking of continuous learning.

And Toritsuzuke good grades in the subject test, when the girl of favorability is up, so naughty scenes increases ( fell in, Toka pants full view ) .

When is Misome a girl taking a hero good grades "top together 3 me to say let's do our best with the aim of" "Let's aim to ○○ high school of the same longing", enter in steady relationships through the study be able to. In other words, the hero and the girl, will be able to study together.

In everyday conversation as a couple of the hero and the girl, the subject knowledge that should have been shared between the hero and the girl, come out is necessary to speak calmly weave mix. Girl came waving to talk about the subject, when the hero is not properly answer to it, favor a degree of down to the girl of the hero, or to refuse to talk with the main character, a girl is angry, the hero inquire after the "rocket punch".

Girls, have a weak subject. Girl is not good subjects, when the hero is'll help the study, favorability is up. Girl who taught the study is, in the game, actually receive the subject test. Content to answer the test is as it is what the main character is taught. Girls thanks to hero taught the correct content, and results of the subject is raised, the girls will like the hero. Hero sloppy ( wrong of contents ) and teach the girl that, girl subjects performance is poor, the girls will hate the hero. To raise the girl of the results, the main character, it becomes necessary to pre-study about the subject.

In the above case, and the hero, and a girl, each other teach the poor subjects of each other, the possibility may be considered that. In this case, it is a good subject and girls weak subject of the hero, must match well, enter a complementary relationship.

Hero, as a way to get me the weak subject is, older woman ( Toka college student ) then appeared during the game, get to become the hero of the tutor, the possibility may be considered that. In this case, the protagonist is, between the women of the tutor will make a pseudo love. Not only the contents of the study, with respect to how and know-how of efficient study, so learn. If the adult game, students take the point may be a test, me sexually "Slave", teachers and the school, might be made to appear a maid or a tutor.

On the contrary, the hero becomes a tutor, take care of the study of the students of the girl, the hand is also conceivable that. To lead the girl of students pass, the hero, it must be wearing only of academic enough to it. To love simulation game that incorporates this approach, the main character, a girl of the university entrance exam, individual professor to lead to Pass "private lessons ( Mainichi Communications, PlayStation) " exists. However, in this game, in order to have a wide player layer of the game, and the problem it becomes easier to deliberately, not very useful to the reality of the study, there is a problem in that.

Failure group is kidnapping the girl appeared, but they a weapon to counter the ON password to to, to such terms that come out in the subject.

In the study, the number of points up in the test, from that, do not as a direct target. Do not bare the contents itself of the subject. In the process of promoting a pseudo-love, unwittingly, to make subjects learning proceeds. In order to shoot dead the heart of that girl to come out to the game, I study, persuading a story and so on.

The higher the academic achievement of the hero, the good ending ( such as love fulfillment ) so that increases the opportunity to be welcomed. However, as a condition of ending, not to consider the academic ability only, and global learning method of the hero, studying philosophy, such as whether to study for the sake of what, or faces the study make a what kind of life design, a point that is also taken into account if possible. For such content, or disagree with the girl, and marks the ending remains can not be explained to convince the girl, even though excellent example academic ability, to be a bad ending ( of course, if the hero of academic ability is not attached to the body is a bad ending unconditionally ) . The contents of the game, good to help to know why that need to be studied in the course of life to the user.

In the above, is a game for men, and girls → boy, and a hero to the woman, if able to re design each screen, made for women. Poor also been kidnapped, usually deeds ( performance ) and is bad, it does not come to help, Toka.

○ role-playing game

I want to be strong and beat the enemy, that you want to level up in the ability surface, impulse, and also to take advantage of the subject learning, it might be considered.

Traditionally, the urge of the hand, "Dragon Quest (ENIX , SuperFamicom , PlayStation other ) ," "Pokemon ( Nintendo, GameBoy other ) " has been used in games such as. However, in terms of academic promotion, these games are useless. Names such as coming out spell command trick, is a proprietary coined went or "Hyadaruko", in reality society not Ikase is as it is, in most cases is that as long as the game world. The effort to remember them, if it is diverted to remember, such as English words, there should be a large learning effect. To do this, the urge to capability level up, to improve the learning motivation, make a mechanism for converting.

For example, in order to challenge the game to a better person in the knowledge surface of the subject, a team, to wandering here and there, the scenario can be considered such.

Fellow of the team, have a good at-weak of subject areas, respectively, and the learning content of a certain enemy subjects in the story, and come attacked the team, favorite person to fight back to it in the team . Learning level with the team members, an easy victory if the above is also from the enemy. Academic achievement of each team members, to be proportional to the achievement of the game user.

A spell command tricks to use against the enemy, and English words for example to be learned, the wrong meaning and usage, the main character is damaged. It does not, can not be damage to the enemy.

Fight locate the enemy with a stronger academic learning level. Win the battle ( solved the enemy out of the problem ) and, to level up.

The enemy to come out of the problem, when the hero is not the answer to it, enables the next attack against an enemy of the hero, the hero is damaged.

Every enemy, has decided subject to the customer, so come out a variety of enemies, in response to it, must learn the subject knowledge of a variety of content.

And defeat the enemy, looking forward to increase the fellow in that the enemy is set to be a member of their team, but is seen in the game of the hand, intend to become its time, the enemy of the team member probability but, so that the hero of academic achievement becomes stronger high. By doing so, if there is no academic ability, to be less likely to increase in the companion of the team.

Among the enemy, Rasutobosu is, put out the problem that the final finish on the subject. By clearing the Rasutobosu, it is proved that gave the academic certain level. It might can also be used to Toka qualification test.

When the high academic achievement of the hero, Toka be easier to solve more of the sealed, so that give Toka it is possible to increase the movement speed, the benefits in various capacity surface in proportion to the hero of academic ability.

The key in advancing the game items, and academic achievement is no more than a certain, is not unobtainable. By, for example, a user break the Barrier, when to get the item, so as to request a password, and the password is, to be a keyword on the subject learning. In order to password is to imagine what is what, keep writing tips, such as in the vicinity of the slate. Password contents to be associated from the tips, be immediately seen such content to those who are reading properly the daily textbook.

○ competition game

By winning the competition, target a sense of accomplishment, corresponding to the urge to try Taste the sense of superiority to the others. Are available from various companies, such as car racing game or a baseball game corresponds to this.

Study, compared to a sports competition, hero, around the degree of the subject learn, play against the enemy or rival.

For example, instead of throwing the ball in baseball, the problem to the other party "throw", if the other party is the correct answer, depending on the degree of difficulty of the problem, regarded as a hit - a home run. Partner Once the wrong answer, and out.

Alternatively, instead of the marathon of the race, as the hero is if the correct answer to the problem, as before by proceeding quickly, and thus, make it possible to reach in a short period of time by the goal. From midfield too, gradually increased the frequency and degree of difficulty coming out of a problem, to take away the stamina in the academic side of the hero.

In martial arts, with respect to the other party, instead of the movement skills, make a "subject problem technique". What if the problem is difficult to solve the most, the main character, it is determined, applying it against the opponent. Tricks hero bet on the opponent, the hero himself and does not know the correct answer to the problem, to be invalid.

As mentioned above, the sports game rules that exist conventional or may be as it is for diversion, but advanced one step further, it may be necessary to come up with a "brain sports" of new types from scratch.

○ board game

Shake the dice, over the previously prepared road, proceed while caused the event, it is a game that aims to goal.

Since the random event occurs, do not know what happens to their own, it can not be predicted. Future What happens if ( and it may be happen good ) corresponding to the urge to expect.

For example, "Sentimental Journey ( Banpresto, PlayStation) " is a Japanese national, has a system to proceed to travel in the squares of the dice, hero, encounter a girl of acquaintance on the road, I invited the girl, their own it is going to run the travel of the presented plan game.

The following is a point of order to change the game for the study.

- shaking the dice, advance on the map. Each point on the map, corresponding to a particular subject. In perching point, issues of Yukari subject is the question at that point, when the hero can not be correct, the penalty is waiting. On the other hand, if it is correct, you get a variety of benefits.

· Depending on the scene, academic mini-test is performed, on the basis of the score, hero of academic achievement varies.

· Girl corresponds to the subject there is, when the hero is not achieved above a certain level of performance for the subject, for travel ok to avoid me.

• When a good subject results of the hero, the degree of favor girls corresponding to the subject is, be easy to raise.

• If you hit the regular solve the problem trout, according to came out of the dice eyes, what about the subject of, is how much of the difficulty of the problem, so determined at random.

• When stopped in bonus quiz mass, hero, choose yourself a favorite subject, to be able to challenge the quiz to the subject and theme. Once you have the correct answer to the quiz, or I get a lot of coins, a girl of favor is to allow or up.

• When stopped in a certain mass, the more there if there is a scholastic ability to hero, so lucky event is more likely to occur.

- about academic ability is there if, so that the number of frames is increased to proceed at once.

- about academic ability is there if, the power to defend against attacks from other players is increased.

○ Other considerations

And Response time to the problem of the subject is, 3 ～5 and limit the minutes, if not answer, automatically regarded as a failure and negative.

And study your favorite person's character so as not to limited only to "serious". Such as "aggressive", "rich in enterprising", or not than there may be many ?

Game that was clear, of as it is a user, a reputation in the academic side, "She ( he ) is, or was able to clear that TV game. Amazing it, that's excellent." Such that the increase in the feeling It leads as to. Not to, "To pass the University of ○○ of level may. That if you can clear this game" to ensure well-established that the stand.

- issues that came out in during the game, do the explanation of the correct answer immediately after the answer. Description in that case, not just text, it is assumed that making the best graphics capability of the computer. More specifically, the description of steps to solve the problem, 3D or adopted to such use animated images in motion. Role to carry out the answer commentary, it may be the characters in the game, using a dedicated narrator, "trying to explain. The problem is ... I solve with." May be the cause referred to as such.

- user repeatedly on the assumption that play the game, to clear the game, every start over again, the basic how to solve but the same, the number is like to be different problem comes out.

2. study animation

○ comparison with existing animation

There is a physical strength and agility, and sports elite, the Toka magical girl in the normal person skilled in the magical power that can not have, prone to animation of the main character, but the favorite person study becomes the hero, study itself is purpose and it has become, or that there is no animation ?

Of "Sailor Moon", the Toka Ami Mizuno, but can study, magic is also there. If there is no magic, only say that it is studying, would not be active in the anime.

Of "Corrector Yui", Haruna Kisaragi is also a honor student, study is not a main, is to working as a collector Haruna getting rid of computer bugs, is an object of the anime appearance.

People who study can do, a strong image of de myopia multiplied by the spiral glasses, comes out in "Chibi Maruko-chan", Sueo Maruo Toka wonder ? Self-conscious, make pervaded the elite consciousness, it is depicted as a less preferred person. In most "Chibi Maruko-chan", as a personality who can study, but come out even Nagayama-kun.

In sports, driving to the painful practice, the type of animation that go on winning in such competitions is "Princess Nine ( baseball ) ," " YaWaRa! ( Judo ) ," "Battle Athletes ( triathlon ) seems like a pretty like a". However, is doing very hard to study, at Toka test, the type of animation work hard trying to Osameyo good grades, never still Omenikaka' hero.

"Love Hina" is a hero, because the story aimed at girls and college entrance examination, it is considered at first glance whether study subject, reality is a romantic comedy, in the study itself, emphasis has not been placed.

"Seven of Seven", the heroine of junior high school students that was alter ego seven people, hope that attend together high school and admired men, but talk to vegetarian to love to study, which is also, students of feelings depiction center It has become, not mentioned much in the learning content itself.

The animator, I wonder if people study of the so-called school was weak in many cases. In the split, strangely esoteric There quite a lot of animation with the setting ( " lain Toka" ) , but intelligence quotient of the side to be created I think is a pretty high in its own way.

It would not be good even if there is animation that target students. Students are, for the sake of academic improvement, or not than there may be a thing of making such that want to see every week.

○ several possible types

For example, the concept of studying and learning type dating simulation game, if implanted in the anime, girl passionate study animation Toka is completed if, for example, for men.

Usually anime, but they tend to be treated as the way of studying, learning Toka subjects, while decent folding information to help learn the scientific sense, for example, or incorporate such as hot blood, guts that have been employed in conventional sports products, why If so that the study is to think what you need for yourself, fine education or effect is to not be ? If you content that will help in the future design of the audience, rather than just "keeping score measures animation", more might be a great animation of scale affects the viewer's life. In particular, from the "Moe" character that the user has liked, as long destination to think that the, is.

Conventional, "the original story of ○○ is, I do not know if not a Gundam otaku" is said Toka, the original story of this case, by the content of textbooks, reference books, only those who know the contents of the subject but, it might be to the contents or laugh.

The animation to pick up the athletes to the subject is large, again, because the sport is what with the flashy moves, it may be because there is a draw worth of appearance of movement. Study compared to it, there is a fixed idea of what to not move sitting on the desk, that's it, almost without a movement, not interesting also draw for animation, because it is common sense that is, adopted in anime not limited to, also it might be because.

However, here should be a recall, the study is, but certainly not a body is moved, in terms of thinking activities using the brain is that it is sufficiently active. For example, the midst of a study of the geography, to fit feel like you are traveling around the world, the midst of the study of history, get used to feel like riding a time machine. That is, - thinking is going on in your head during this study emotions, and the like comes to mind sight, or Mai there than may be the subject of animation visual expression.

Alternatively, the hero, in order to solve problems such as mathematics and science, and go on the screen a variety of computer simulation, riding on the robot and mechanical organisms, the manner in which to leverage it performs various types of research and experiment, if possible representation in the anime, or not than good study animation is completed ?

Through, hero, enters the virtual world on the thinking, we stacked the adventure and combat for the purpose of various academic improvement in that, might also hold true scenario that.

○ acquisition of audience sympathy with the test psychological description

In studying animation, easy to obtain more sympathy of the viewers, it would be a story to faithfully reproduce the heart of the movement of the hero after the test at the time - test.

Speaking as one of the more familiar to viewers, actually hero is issued the test problem in schools and prep schools, from its beginning to solve the problem, in the brain the hero of the heart of the movement of until the answer time is finished play-by-play and, in association with it, actual and filled out play-by-play of the answer sheet, it would be a story representation of the type to live the change of facial expressions and emotions of the face. Tension in the test ( feeling either exciting - to worry about if the problem can be solved ) , or a sense of accomplishment and release a sense of when the problem is solved, it is to express in the anime the sense of frustration when you fail to answer.

Hero, look at the actual issue paper, "Oh, this is gonna be solved. Hooray, lucky." As they did the first feeling is, "array While unravel, though was not a like this should. How good do it if ? changes to the embarrassment that ", to put away, the answer time after 5 minutes Toka 1 is Toka minutes," Wow, not in time anymore. troubled, troubled. What should I do. God, help me over . "by carrying out like a psychological description firmly, of the audience," Oh, it also believed that it would be able to obtain the sympathy that I. "have you ever fallen into such a state of mind.

In addition, you face to face with the question sheet, how to carry out the trial and error of various answer, "there, how solvable In this way ? " "No, it was bad. This is bad." "Well, this is how ? " "I did it over, the well went "like a process, by play-by-play to the audience, it is possible to relive the experience to solve the problem together also audience.

In addition, immediately after the end of the test, answer sheet is the movement of the heart after it has been recovered, for example, "Hey, that problem, the answer was what was in my friend ? " And Toka want to hear Mushoni, to go home, "that problem, that answer good was kana in ? "and when the psychological Toka also trace to become anxiety, is considered a more likely to call empathy.

At that time, the correct answer is what, and in the hero problem answers, without for a while evident in the scene after the completion of the test, to be expected in the viewer ( for example, not know what the correct answer until the end of the first part is what, Part II it is the first time will be revealed to the audience ) because, it is considered as the hand that draws the viewer to the test scene. For example, it may look like was able to successfully answer, do not know whether it really suits ( in fact, there may have been a mistake Do not ) seems to be to.

By doing so, detective, similar to the animation of Crime thriller, viewers can enjoy the puzzle exciting.

Hero of the answer ( or expected of the audience ) whether was correct, that for the first time seen at the time the answer of the test to the hero of the original has been returned, "or test many points Do ? Tara bad ( Tara better than I thought ) what can I do ? thrilled at the time of the answer return that ", the thrill, can be the hero and the audience to share.

And returned a score "Oh, it was ○○ point. I think the other was bad Do of, Shobon." Or, when you are the answers with "Oh, was not able to. I'm happy." "It's what, like this boring problem whether the mistake was gone. shock over. "" Crap, but careless mistakes. waste. "" I like this problem seem to not be solved had been referred to as a high school student disqualified. Tohoho. "such as step-by-step fine movements of the heart of the hero by representation, it is possible to be a sense of realism with the test, to share with hero audience.

Test had been ecstatic I was able hero, in answer returned, Toka is Tsukiotosa to the bottom of the stroke to discouragement, to the contrary, and could not test, the hero was afraid the answer return is, score than I thought it well involuntarily Toka jump up, it is various psychological description every time.

By the answer alignment together with the main character, or "yourself than hero can do it!", "I myself did not Wakan hero Like this problem. That's badger of the same hole." Or, the viewer myself by comparing the hero with, or have empathy, etc. or holding a sense of superiority, it would have never tired to feel a variety of reaction.

In each test scene a different problem every time it will appear on the exam, will be different reaction occurs and until now the audience, considered to that point, with a fresh feeling every time, the viewer to study animation program can be seen It is.

Or, in the midst of receiving a lesson, it has been issued a mini question, every time the scene in which we must answer in the seat of the order that put out in the story, pounding feeling and when their turn is approaching, anxiety that Na or be answered when the devoted, the answer is not to offend the discouragement of time, Toka good feelings at the time of the correct answer to the contrary, by tracing together with the main character, the viewer, the real experience of day-to-day of classes, it is possible to sympathize with relive again on the animation.

Or, if you want a little more innovative representation, the hero of the thought process while undergoing achievement test, as if in the sense that penetrates into the hero of the head, every moment and 3D expressed graphically, the viewer , the hero is asked to relive the plight of trial and error in the middle of solving the problem, also there might be that.

The hero, depending on the setting, studying or was well able to type, is a variety considered or was falling behind slightly in the opposite ( or, Toka students, Toka ronin, Championship Toka ... ) . Aiming to go to the Shingakuko, the viewer that study can be good, and sympathy to the hero of honor student type, will try to Kisoo grades unwittingly. On the other hand, study does not go to can not with so much on the lessons too much viewers, and sympathy to the hero of the type to receive the tutoring, the use of the main character as a pacemaker of their own study, the learning understanding not rush together will and let's deepen.

To lead the audience to the direction of the study in this way, lead to raising the performance of the audience, studying animation is not only enjoy watching simply, leads to the divine favor that the actual academic achievement up, reputation in the fact that call, or not than reasonably take even audience.

It should be noted, To view adults and children alike enjoy the test scenery of the hero, easy to understand to anyone the contents of the test and questions, might be easy elementary school level for good. However, with targeted to high school and college students, to solved the hero advanced test problem in its own way, it is also conceivable to your sex appeal There is also a late-night animation program. Alternatively, the qualification test of the general public for people who ( Toka bookkeeping, information processing Toka ... ) might be good at what you have assumed the preparation. That way, not only the children, it is possible to get a wider audience.

In addition, sponsors of these types of programs, to get to become a prep school Toka university like such educational institutions, would not be good to provide cooperation also obtained exam questions in the program.

In addition, if the actual questions have been entrance - qualification test problem the problem issue in the program, the viewer believe that help directly to the test that I receive from now on, we will see the program more seriously.

○ of animation scenario

The scenario of the study animation,

For example, entrance exam to senior school, or employment test to the authorities, the company, with the aim of passing to the official qualification testing, failure, work hard while repeating the setbacks, it is likely to think float because. Some happy end to pass the test, which originally had been the target, there is to find a target different from the original while overlaying the test study on their own, even the way the end that will go to there.

In this case, the love and entwined, whether you can go to the same school as the opponent he is in love, efforts to test study with nail-biting, I wish I had been advanced to the final in the same school, it is also considered because.

These, the pattern of preparation and production experience to the big test to be separated eyes of life apart from, in every day of school, repetition and emotion associated with it a small test and test ( frustrated fails to day-to-day small test Toka ) will be stacked, even some of that.

And rival of love, either can take a better performance in the test, also compete on top of the test many times betting a love partner, scenario is also conceivable that attain the final winning or losing.

Each time of the test, and put up the standings, "good at this, continuous grade 10 within it of" "Oh, that guy in lost" or kind of a sense of accomplishment, so enjoy the rivalry.

This that can not lose to the other party, by setting a rival in the academic side, it is conceivable that more anime scenario is interesting and tense.

Students were falling behind, in the wake of got full marks in a small study, it is conceivable because going to wake up in the way of study. Tips on learning to not stumble in the study, the main character is, in every time of the animation, in that he is successful or failure to solve the test problem, would there be for that to teach to firsthand audience.

Apart from these, it determines the school that can best, it is conceivable because Championships in units of school team. It formed a multiple of students team, in the organization, is that compete and students of other schools, the ability to solve the problems that are questions more quickly and accurately. Unit to compete, not an organization unit, the individual student may be than compete on behalf of the school. Alternatively, purely, between not between individuals of tied born in school, who is the best, may be a championship of individual units to determine the double-dip ....

As this type of example, 2 become one of the elementary school team rival each other, the problem correct answer of science ( mission clear ) compete for "science adventure animation that saw a do it!" And the like.

Or, a bounty hunter, ties and academic achievement test, "This is put out 10 pieces of the problem ( the actual entrance examination problem Toka ) out the condition that the person who solved all given the prize ○○○ yen." , solicit want applicants of the prize, in the applicants each other, the mutual crush the stars while solving out the problem with the competition, or may be because it includes the heroine in its applicants.

Or, is the alien and the human beings who attack the Earth, betting fate, also there might that unfold the problem is solved battle within the time limit. At war with other countries, the winning or losing of war, 4 ～5 people of the selection team ( aligned in a particular age ) is, be decided by whether or not solve the other party issues a problem with each other, it is also conceivable because.

Alternatively, in the adventure product animation, hero, the problem is issued wherever the land to go, or by solving the outstanding seal problem was discovered, to resolve the trap, with the save the people of the land, got the treasure or, is also idea to go work to their level up.

Alternatively, in adult animation, partner of Women ( Toka college student tutor ) as a condition for the us to that etch, set whether or not women can correct the problem that issue, as the main character can be solved better, etch service level ( degree of exposure, such as the number of sex ) is increased, it is conceivable because.

Test landscape, and teachers to be to make him rush the students put a formidable problem, the struggle between the students to try to submit a more good answer against-unity to it, it is also possible to express as a bargaining is there.

In addition, rather than shed much focus on one of the students, so solved the problem in order to students with a variety of personalities in the class, in the mood the viewer became a teacher like, various reaction of students it is also possible to plot such as enjoy.

Why you do not speak English are Japanese ?

- "Japanese to English" for the vocabulary of the need -

(This is the root cause that Japanese do not speak the English, is because not doing a correspondence training of the meaning of the direction of word phrases that Japanese → English, in order to solve this problem, the competition is what is the emergence of tempered which was easily learned and are "English-Japanese" vocabulary parallel that is to have a good learning effect "Japanese-English" vocabulary in the proposal that it is necessary.)

Japanese, but do not speak can be read English, that is that it has been said by people from before. But it can be received in English information, because the transmission is not possible, for example, innovative research results that came out in Japan, are quite not transmitted to the people of the English-speaking, and.

So are measures being taken to new, in addition to training to read the English character, hear in the ear training ( listening ) is also be carried out. "If Kikitorere by ear, so that speak" has been with, for example, international English judgment test TOEIC in, the test of English composition of a clear form does not exist.

However, even after repeated listening training, although it is possible to hear, not come up with a good with the contents of the English words Tossa of place you want to speak of their own, speak not people that often.

Is an English force determination tests required in order to study in universities in the United States and Canada TOEFL in computer support of, writing ( English composition ) but has become essential, Japanese are struggling on that, it is often .

Why, if the problem as described above occurs ? The author, the cause is, in the conventional Japanese lies in the fact that training to associate the English from Japanese is the mother tongue is not completely done, think that.

Readers are, to try, by visiting your local large bookstore, may be seen the reference book department of junior-high school. English word collection of see in bookstores the shop, I think that almost all, notice that it is only "English-Japanese" vocabulary for correct English to Japanese. This trend, TOEIC , TOEFL The same applies to the reference book department.

In short, in the current Japan, only in the direction of learning to say to the Japanese it has been carried out from the English. It effective learning of the direction referred to the English is not nearly made from Japanese.

If the Japanese → English translation work, it will have even more of readers that are they not doing English composition at the school. English Composition of the reference book is certainly exist to some extent ( but overwhelmingly the number is small compared to the English reading comprehension ) . However, when looking at their contents, only those that are going to pay attention to what to write when conforming to what to do, correct English grammar the wording on the Japanese-specific text syntax of English to be created, the words sum → is the association "Japanese-English" improvement of vocabulary that allows the English words is the current situation is not at all paid interest.

When you try to emergency Shabero in English, if applicable, the words did not come up with a good in English, first came out word of Japanese, "Kke you say what is this in English ? Think of." In the Japanese vocabulary is in abundance, is because it is possible to speak with little thought.

Here, Japanese → is possible to sufficiently study the correspondence of English, before word of the Japanese come out to the front of the consciousness, the replacement of the corresponding English words is done automatically in the head, English is to come out with the nature and mouth, and I think.

Japanese → By firmly carry out the direction of the learning of English, or Mai can speak fluently with a rich vocabulary English there than will be able for the first time ?

Japanese do not speak the English, because socializing is thin single nation with foreigners, probably nothing to do with because such. Simply, I do not have to study the sum English word collection, not only for English corresponding to the sum word - phrases that are using their own usually does not come out.

In addition, if one by one talk with native English instructor at the English school, but English is there are many people who plausibly argue when he does not have to speak, it is either not to lie ? Perform the association of Japanese → English if the number of vocabulary is equal to or greater than a predetermined, English words and phrases of meaning that I want to say of myself is to become of the Mai is there come out with from nature and mouth ? have no idea and author.

By the way, it was confirmed in the shop of a large bookstore, the sum English word Yun,

1) Yoshio Akao Hen Watanuki Hiho revised "Japanese-English basic word phrases Collection" Obunsha first edition 1957 (4 revised edition 1992)

2) Itsuo Oishi supervision "New anchor English composition Dictionary" Gakken first edition 1993

Just a 2 there is only one. In addition, 2) it is strictly that it can not be said vocabulary ( dictionary ) is.

In addition, these few sum English words collection also, to arrange the Japanese word in the field and the importance and frequency of use, such as ingenuity has not been made, simply are arranged in alphabetical order, it is boiling hard to be unrivaled energy to remember.

Therefore, by performing tasks such as the following, or you will not be able to make a simple effective sum English words collection ?

Existing English-Japanese vocabulary is, the demand for English reading comprehension are many, various kinds of things are on the large amount of market. Competition with each other violently, have been refined in terms of content. Of can be a good English-Japanese vocabulary that is to have a good learning effect been trained in the competition, and as it is upside down the relationship between the "English-Japanese", "Japanese to English", by the sum English word collection, immediately effective such do not become to allow the word associations from Japanese to English ? Specifically,

1) First of all learners to display an example sentence given as a problem to be solved in Japanese. The sum word - idiom portion to be learning, write in a different color.

2) the words to the learner to learn, in the order of Japanese → English, arranged in pairs. That is, first, to write on the left side of the sum word - phrases to learn, write multiple English words which corresponds to the translation on the right side. Sentences, written before the Japanese sentence, then write in English as its translation.

3) is the final answer, first presented the problem statement ( Japanese ) to display to become English translation.

For example, English problem statement, English words and Japanese translation, Japanese translation is a lot of users as excellent have listed are organized in the trinity "English-Japanese" word phrase collection, Yoichi Suzuki " DUO " Aishipi ( No. 3 edition 2000) in, in the form of reversing the English and Japanese relationship, be converted into a form that take advantage of its entirety is Toka sentences problem "Japanese-English" vocabulary, become a very effective "Japanese-English" word study books, is considered.

The vocabulary required by the vocabulary and the Japanese that is required in English, because it is common in the basic part, the vocabulary that appears in the "English-Japanese" vocabulary is if ask to appear as is "Japanese-English" vocabulary I think that it would be good.

System History

- Towards a new history education -

December 2009 first appearance

(This is, history education in Japan, pointed out that have fallen into the mechanical memorization of large amounts of proper nouns, in the future, mechanical proper nouns, from the subject memorization center, which can be the history of the flow understanding of the phenomenon center , it is intended to propose the need for education of the system face of history.)

In the current of history education, "in ○○ year, the person that ○○ is, caused the incident that ○○" in feeling that, proper nouns, which has become a subject memorization center.

Mere mechanical storage amount of abundance, are in fineness, ended up to determine the degree of education.

In the future, mechanical proper nouns, from the subject memorization center, which can be the history of the flow understanding of the phenomenon center, would not the education of the system face of history becomes necessary?

Specifically, for the following items, and organized, and, in the state transition flow seen form between each, be described (not an individual event presentation) general rule, the shape of typing consider whether not Bayoi of.

A	power
A1	Forces (expansion, prosperity, decline)	On the map, a certain momentum, for the group of people with the power, the expansion of its momentum, reduction, to describe the types and causes of the rise and fall. As a collection of people, and ethnic, race -government organizations such as and companies to refer to. In any cause, forces stretched, and prosperity, and decline, a description about what was destroyed. By their momentum you may want to zoom in, zoom out, explaining that it is a bad thing and destruction. ● How you can extend the power, and prosperity, it can maintain its prosperity, about what Tachinaoreru from the decline, given the history of knowledge.

B	Interest
B1	Interests (resources, territory, human resources ...)	If you have help in their lives improve the level of owner (people), living resources to bring a variety of benefits required upon going, supplies and human resources, and territory, type of its benefits, features will be described. Of interest and acquisition, take -maintenance and disappearance trigger, type, etc. of taken the policy content will be described. ● or easy to obtain the rights and interests and to what kind of wind, giving the history of knowledge about what tends to protect (or easy to lose).
B2	Invasion	And the cause of the aggression takes place, a description will be given of the progress process. The cause, for example, is the side: in spite of holding the vested interests, such as abundant natural resources, military, armed weak sides: and society stuck stagnated, because of its breakthrough, other countries put an eye on the interests. Alternatively, the newly rise the forces, in order to further expansion, put an eye on the existing interests take. The contents of etc. will be described. How advanced the invasion, how to defense the invasion of other countries, a description will be given of the know-how. ● if you can take the interests of other countries if, if need not be pre-empted the rights and interests in other countries if, given the history of knowledge.

C	Dominated regime
C1	Domination	In Toka state, ruling the relationship of the ruling is how constructed, maintained, fluctuation, or explained disappeared. Do what type of person who has reigned as the dominant layer, to explain why the rule was over a long period of time, or that ended in short-term. ● How can become a ruler if, given the history of knowledge about whether you can prolong the rule if.
C2	System, confusion	National Toka mechanisms, are constructed system how is, is maintained, fluctuation, or will be described disappeared. About what social mechanisms have been caused or was accepted by the people, or harassment is rebellion, on the basis of the examples will be described with typed for that reason. What kind of society is confused because, whether the confusion has subsided, will be described with typed. ● give to their society turns well, the history of knowledge about what kind of mechanism should make a.

D	life
D1	Wealth and poverty	What if, what kind of process in the country and people become rich, or either fell into poverty, or has escaped from poverty, its causes, to explain why. ● How do the rich to become if, given the history of knowledge about what get out of poverty.
D2	Freedom, rights and tyranny	In any process, people are free, you got the right, got freedom, or to maintain the right, about what was lost will be explained. In what process, or oppressive occurs, it How did subsequently be described how is overcome by. ● - What freedom if, to earn the right, we can maintain and copper and precious obtained free, or lose the right to freedom from - people, effective or Once you do to take away rights to good historical knowledge of the give.

E	change
E1	Reform, reform (maintenance, innovation)	The social mechanisms, attempts to change in better shape (for them), contested each other of the way between the multiple forces, passage will be described. Initiative to force type (maintenance of the grips of change vs innovation, kind ... of the background of the profession), and will be explained how the seized the initiative of change in the. Change is, reform, or innovative of, or Restoration of the, they are in any cause, described what occurred in the origin what type of person - population. Proceeds as any change in the process, success in any cause, failed or will be described. ● give the history of knowledge about how can change successfully the structure of society if.
E2	Rebellion, revolution	Revolt, social problem that causes the revolution occurs (poverty, tyranny, oppression) and the rebellion, the process of revolution proceeds will be explained. - What kind of revolt has expanded begin with form, leaders what was what type or moved to firefighters How does-dominant side, how the rebellion is pacified been either been carried out how the subversion of and system Taka result of-revolution, or conventional ruling followed a what kind of fate, how dominant layer is swapped or will be described in the form of a law. ● How overthrew the existing problems often ruling if, give new force, the history of knowledge about what can be established regime.


F	Leader	· Rebellion, led the revolution build and systems, to maintain to-dominated leaders individual of society (the king, the prime minister, the president ...) - collective organization (government, central government agencies ...) for the type of the description. Of the leader, of, human nature seize technique way of, intelligence , mobility, the way of the ability to execute social hierarchy becomes the background for the like, it will be described with typed. ● What type of person is to become a leader to leave a name in history, in his will to the leaders give the knowledge of how may I mean to learn what kind of qualities.

Psychological Hen - a small box of thinking -

Bright, the dark personality

Description: For bright-dark personality

2001.11-2005.09 first appearance

1. Introduction

Well, "I want to do it, but will be more cheerful personality .. " see the people to the psychological consultation that. Alternatively, Japanese society was in a gorgeous bubble period 1990 circa, "human NeAkira ( Neaka ) is not bad but" one in which opinion that was heard well. Thus, in general character that becomes brighter, it seems seen as desirable for people.

However, what kind of personality, why bright, what is considered the dark, in the conventional psychology, it can not be said to have been properly analyzed and organized, there is a need for deeper understanding.

2. The bright personality

The following table, the factors that bring brightness to the personality, collect the adjective that gives a bright impression, by grouping, summarizes in tabular form.

table	bright personality
no.	item name	Description	adjective
1.	Good Plus property
1-1	Positivity	Brightness with the light, fear that with the darkness, translation of the know, such is, because it provides relief from fear invisible enemy comes to attack is, as a help to the survival, captured positive.	desirable. Good. Encouraging. Affirming life. Not getting stuck. Positive.
1-2	Effectiveness and convenience	If there are lights, dark and is convenient so visible that were not visible, it is effective on life.	Convenient on life. Useful for people.
1-3	Positive affective	Brightness, its desirability, therefore desirability, happiness to the people of the heart, such as joy and fun, create a positive emotion.	happy. That optimistic. pleasant. Full of joy.
1-4	Legality, positive morality	In a bright place, bear in mind to try it is difficult to do evil, that all correct.	Of legal. correct.

2.	Lack of shade
2-1	Non-concealing property	Bright and looks well-exposed to light things. Hide ( hidden, invisible ) But no.	Not bargaining. There is no sides. Malice is not. Fair. honest. I open. And it communicates well to things.
2-2	Non-shadow property and non-doubt of	In a bright place, because it is not visible is the shadow there is no (hard to see) part, the state of the truth of things, as it is accepted without checking or suspects one by one.	Without prejudice. There is no place where caught. A generous. Not perverse. honest.
2-3	Go out of	Out of the dark room, bright outside of ( it is of other people ) and out actively in the world, by touching positively to the outside air, people can obtain a brightness in mind.	Good people Zukiai. Hikikomora no. Not to feel free. That open. Sociable.

3.	Of clear
3-1	Clarity, clarity, rationality	When the bright, things look better clearly. Linearly foreseeable far. It increases the likelihood of when you see things.	It was clear. Clearly visible. Lucid. definite.
3-2	Understandability	Bright and did not clear up to now, things so that is well understood that I could not see well. Comprehension is improved with respect to things.	wise. Of understanding. Good head. Insight, with analytical skills.
3-3	Permeability	Light straight cramping, and you can go through without it being blocked, the part that feels bright.	Transparent. A clean.

4.	Heat
4-1	Photothermal properties	Bright light ( the sun ) heat of the is, hot a person's mind, makes it hilarious.	Hilarious. High tension. Bouncy like.
4-2	Activity	Heat with bright light (the sun) is, people to give a kinetic energy, warm the heart, causes the act active.	Cheerful. Lucidly it was. fluent. Lively. Of active. Active.

5.	Of dry
5-1	Fine weather resistance	Sunny bright feeling of the day, has been released from the wet of which was damp feel when it is raining (humidity).	Radiant. It was crisp.

6.	Shininess
6-1	Bright	Bright part that hits the light, when viewed from a dark place, looks shining.	Brilliant. Brilliant.

7.	Of health
7-1	Health resistance and excellent condition of	Good condition of the body, and there is no slump-diseased part, cheerfully, actively Furumae, gives a bright impression around.	healthy. Lively. An excellent condition.

8.	Straight
8-1	Straightness	Light direction of travel is straight.	The heart of the straight. honest.

9.	Speed
9-1	High speed	Light is, the rate at which the advance is extremely fast.	fast.

3. root of the brightness of personality

"Brightness" is originally physical light, receptor cells in the human vision ( cone, rod ) stimulates are those felt by feeding the information about the brightness in the nervous system. In that respect, physical "light" ( sunlight, fluorescent lamps ... ) becomes a source to bring the "brightness".

"Brightness" is the point to enable the human vision has the effect of dramatically improving the human environment adaptability, the point, a fundamental plane, and has a positive value for humans, and it can be said. Root of the reason why the "brightness" of the personality are captured positive, are also considered to be in this regard.

Human beings humans result got a "brightness" with the light, but the translation became to be able to enjoy a variety of advantages on the life, the same content and benefits of the so was to reverse "brightness" but when you have the personality, the character of the person is feeling "bright", is considered. In the person of the heart, is that you have that have something that corresponds to the "light", "Sun", "light" illuminate bright ambient, or the same nature as the nature of light, the brightness of the personality lead.

Cheerful, as the color is represented by white or pale yellow.

To brighten the personality, that strive to have a personality that corresponds to the more adjectives associated with the "brightness" listed in the table, are considered to be.

4. Organize a result of the dark personality

On the other hand, "dark", "Root dark na" personality, by capturing reversed the "bright" the contents of the character, specifically, be summarized as the following table.

table	Dark personality
no.	item name	Description	adjective
1.	Poor Minus property
1-1	Negativity	Dark, invisible enemy comes to attack, such as fits into pitfalls that invisible, are negatively regarded as inhibiting survival.	Negative with respect to life. I backward.
1-2	Non-convenience	Nothing seemed to be dark, it is inconvenient on life.	Do not try to Yakunitato of people. inconvenient.
1-3	Negative affective	Darkness, because the negative is, negative feelings in people's minds ( sadness, anger, misery, pain, aggression ) produce.	Unfortunate. Easy to sadness. Easy to anger. A pain. Easy to get angry.
1-4	Illegal resistance and anti-morality	When the dark, also worked secretly evil, because it does not Roken around, people, while feeling guilty, resulting in a bad thing.	bad. Guilty.

2.	The presence of shadow
2-1	Concealing property	When the dark, can not see a good thing.	There are two sides. A closed.
2-2	Suspicion of	Dark and, what is for difficult to see become a shadow, the state of other people or things, or suspects one by one or not that bad, it becomes necessary to or check.	Skeptical.
2-3	Non-go out of	Mori basket closed in a dark room, do not try to Tsukiao with others to get out.	Of withdrawal.

3.	The lack of clear of
3-1	Ambiguity	Dark and you can not see clearly things.	Lack of clarity. unclear.
3-2	Non-understanding of	When the dark, things can not be seen well, it remains do not know, understand force is reduced.	It is not wise. Understanding, lack of analytical skills.
3-3	Impermeable	Light, when blocked by the opaque material impervious to light, a portion thereof looks dark.	Opaque. Turbid.

4.	The lack of passion
4-1	Non-light-to-heat resistance	Bright light ( the sun ) lack of, took the passion from the people of the heart, it causes the ink.	Dismal.
4-2	Inactive	Bright light ( the sun ) lack of, took the kinetic energy of the people, it makes the act inactive.	Inactivity. Out of sorts.

5.	Of wet
5-1	Rainy weather resistance	Weather bad dark feeling of the day, damp and wet at the time of rainy weather ( humidity ) are dominated by.	It was damp.

6.	Lack of shine
6-1	Non-luminescent	Part of the dark shadow lacks shine.	Sober.

7.	sick
7-1	Unhealthy resistance and disease resistance	Malfunctioning part on the body, and there is a pathological part, it is not healthy, you will not be able to actively action, give a dark impression.	Unhealthy. Morbid. A malfunction.

8.	Bend-distortion
8-1	Distorting	Bent or direction of travel, to distorted has lost straightness possessed by the light.	Perversity of. Distorted mind. Perverse.

9.	Slowness
9-1	Slow of	Speed that slow the advance has lost its high-speed performance with the light.	A lazy.

In a nutshell, dark personality, shows that it is in the state the person's heart has been dominated by the "darkness", or that has lost the light, and it can be said.

Dark personality, the color is represented by black or dark gray.

5. For bright society

Brightness of the society, also dark, the brightness of the character, by a common factor and to determine the darkness is considered that the brightness is determined.

For example, the Ministry of Justice of Japan has done every year "society for bright movement" is, for the rehabilitation of people who have committed the prevention and the sin of crime and delinquency deepen understanding, people join forces in their positions, of crime has been that it is movement that trying to build a no bright society. In this case, the crime, the poor, is a minus of such a symbol of darkness, by rehabilitating it, "dark" to criminals, fair, and will give useful for others, a positive nature, such as "light" to the will, it can be said that has led to be "bright".

On the other hand, to not go out into society, or to the withdrawal of life, without the help of social workers, people that nothing is referred to as a "neat" that are hanging around without even forever, outside the bright light to go out Toka do not try Ataro in, in that it does not useful activities for society, it can be said that the social "dark". Such, people with a negative value in a different sense, that many young people should play in the future, it can be said that in the dark current of Japanese society. Given the opportunity to socially useful activity to these people, even activities to try go out actively in society to stop the homebound, do not say that "society for bright movement" in a different meaning or ?

In short, of in society, stable people, or threatening a healthy life, eliminating the in pathological part = "darkness" that lost its effective work, people have to adapt to the environment to the vicissitudes a valid work to go, society carried out actively by sharing is to be referred to as a "bright society".

In this respect, even in personality, also in society, "more likely to live, work well to" = "plus" = "bright", "difficult to life, does not work" = "minus" = "dark" and Broadly likely it is. In this regard, the "brightness", " ( social ) can be said to be in a deep relationship with the concept of function."

"Bright society" is, hope that everyone, I want to be actively alive in the future, it is a society that gives the "light". This hope and light, outlook of "plus" for the future, that is, life prediction, such as is well made Toka, more likely to survive, such as the view from the sunny summit, that opened wide in a transparent clear under eyes occur.

As of mountain outlook at the time of fine weather, the purely visual "brightness", like a future outlook of the society, more thinking manner, is associated with a value-"brightness", which in the human nervous system It is either carried out as will the current situation is that it is not yet known. Believes that if you can clearly the future the relationship between the sides.

6. confirmation by the questionnaire survey

Whether or not the above description is correct, personality was a "bright" in the above description is, in fact, what has been felt "lighter" than the opposite content web was investigated in.

More specifically, it referred to as a questionnaire about the personality "bright", "dark", the author of the web Once the user who gather to experience the psychological tests on the site, "me to answer the following research, psychological testing providing a barrier that it can be ", at its customs checkpoints," read a pair of left and right of the text that describes the following personality, "brighter" was determined to say and choose the person you think. "

As a result, a "brighter" in the above description 14 items in 11 in the field, in fact, at a rate of majority, statistically significant seen to be felt as a "lighter", almost description is correct It was found.

On the other hand, the item there is no significant difference 1 was item (3. "there-there is no two sides" ) . This is, the phrase "no sides" is, presumably because was difficult to understand the young people were the main respondents.

Although a statistically significant as "brighter", ratio 50 did not reach the% item 2 was item (12. "brilliant" and 14. "fast" ) . For these, you might can not argue too strongly with the "shows a bright personality".

Time answer

2005 year 09 mid-May

Answer number 203

Man 32.512 Pasento

Woman 67.488 Pasento

10 generations 44.335 Pasento

20 generations 35.468 Pasento

30 generations 14.778 Pasento

40 generations 3.941 Pasento

50 generations 1.478 Pasento

60 generations 0.000 Pasento

70 generations 0.000 Pasento

Response rate

	[1. Good - bad]
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
1	When you Yakunitato of people	70.443	18.719	10.837	Do not try to Yakunitato of people	9.420	0.01
2	It is willing to life	60.099	18.227	21.675	It is a retrospective on the life	6.054	0.01
	[2. Lack of shade - the presence of the shadow]
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
3	There is no sides	42.365	18.719	38.916	There are two sides	0.545	-.--
Four	It is straightforward	53.202	19.212	27.586	It is perverse	4.061	0.01
Five	Is a sociable	60.591	25.616	13.793	It is a withdrawal	7.731	0.01
	[3. The lack of clear of] - Clear of
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
6	Take a clear attitude	55.172	23.153	21.675	It is not clear attitude to take	5.444	0.01
7	Things can be better understood	50.739	28.079	21.182	Things can not be well understood	4.966	0.01
8	It is like crystal clear feeling	83.744	11.330	4.926	It is a favorite cloudy feeling	11.926	0.01
	[4. The lack of passion] - Heat
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
9	Be merry	70.936	19.704	9.360	A gloomy	9.791	0.01
Ten	To be in good shape	68.966	16.749	14.286	Out of sorts	8.538	0.01
	[5. Dry of - Wet of]
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
11	It is a radiant attitude to take	67.980	24.138	7.882	It is damp take attitude	9.831	0.01
	[6. Shininess - lack of shine]
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
12	Brilliant	46.798	28.079	25.123	Is a sober	3.641	0.01
	[7. Straightness - distorting]
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
13	Straight of heart	63.547	16.256	20.197	Distorted mind	6.749	0.01
	[8. High speed - low speed of]
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- bright -	In either no	- bright -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
14	fast	42.857	34.483	22.660	A lazy	3.555	0.01

[ Primary references ]

New clarity Japanese Dictionary fifth edition , Sanseido , 1997

New construction of character revised edition , Kadokawa Shoten , 1994

Genius Japanese-English dictionary , Taishukanshoten , 1998

The RANDOM HOUSE Thesaurus, Random House Inc., 1984

For the context of the dry-wet and hot and cold, light and dark sense of

[ Summary ]

In this paper, a dry-wet feeling, warmth, cold, describes what becomes of the context of the brightness and darkness.

Sense of wet and dry-hot and cold-dark is perceived by the mode of different sensations, between them,

Wet and dry dimension	dry	Wet
Dimension of temperature cold	cold	warm
Dimension of light and dark	bright	dark

Correlation such is considered to be established.

1. dry-wet and thermal sensation

Human beings feel the presence of a temperature close to your body temperature and "warm", feel and Oita drops below body temperature and "cold".

Men with a body temperature feel the "warmth" is to be in the = close distance from each other that are stuck in their own familiar, and feel close the body temperature of the opponent, feel the "warm". When in close contact tightly with no gaps between the mating, escaping air warmed by the body temperature in between each other. On the other hand, and are separated from each other, free is the other party and the interval, since it is room for cold wind enters into both the gap, feel "cold".

This is not only physical distance, also applies to psychological distance. There is no distance between the opponent, psychological integrity and interdisciplinary sense, that of the other party if they have a strong sense of adhesion is felt as "warm". And, as it is psychologically close to each other by settled and fixed in there, it is possible to continue to maintain a state of feel each other "warm". Now their moves in its own direction to fall apart without still in place, a sense of unity between the cross is lost, made to feel as "cold".

With respect to the psychological warmth, coolness that interpersonal relationships bring, see a link to a page of "compassionate" interface design.

In this case, psychological integrally-fusion and adhesion between the opponent keyword such status quo of the condition, dry - from wet of dimensions, be mutually approached psychologically one another, while each other close to the place that it directed to fixing it is related to all "wet".

That is, psychologically be would One approach each other, when you Ao attract indicates that forces such as attraction is working there, this force is "wet" to a human it can be captured by analogy with intermolecular force acting between the actual liquid molecules resulting in sensation.

Also, psychologically established in a state became human settlement, trying to maintain the mutual warm relation without budge from there, it is shown that the kinetic energy required is small to move around here and there. Move around large as a dry feeling to the ever people have gas molecules applied to humans, whereas a large gap between each other, the liquid molecules to provide a wet feeling may not move around too much in a state in which stick together mutually . This indicates that the kinetic energy of liquid molecules is small, the fixing for maintaining the "warm" state can also be taken in analogy with wet liquid molecular motion.

Such a "closeness = wet of" bring "warmth" also related to the genetic "closeness". For example, parent-child relationship, commonality of height genes between each other, i.e., lead by genetic "closeness" is a human relationship with a strong warmth.

Resulted in a commonality of height psychological closeness = warmth of a partner, each other close appealing against and thus partner with each other, leading to psychological attraction = wet is by maintained the state, and it can be said .

Described above, the "warmth = wet is", the correlation of "cold = dry of" is, 1999 is author in fiscal went, it has also been supported from the survey results for the dry-wet of the personality, attitude. The following table summarizes the findings ( about respondents 200 people ) . The proportion of respondents who called it dry towards "cold capita" is, "warm" people can be seen that significantly more than the percentage of respondents who called it dry a. In addition, it is those who prefer the blue of cold colors, it can be seen that a significantly higher percentage, which is more described as a "dry" than prefer the warm colors of red.

Item Symbol	Item Description (hypothesis = dry)	dry	Both do not even	dry	Hypothesis content (hypothesis = wet)	Z score	Significance level
E25	Cold capita	52.245	17.959	29.796	Warm capita	3.879	0.01
F19	I prefer the blue color	69.820	12.162	18.018	I prefer the red color	8.235	0.01

2. Dry wet and dark sense of

Brightness and darkness, in the life of mankind on earth, are heavily involved with the presence or absence of sunshine. In general, the fine weather the sun of the sun pour "bright", cloudy-rainy weather that does not reach sunlight of the sun is "dark" feels.

After a moment after ceased from raining once, rainwater will disappear from the earth evaporated by the heat of the sun. In this case, wet puddle is much likely to remain in the dark places of shade, is that bright the sun is that it is known widely on the experience thing is, that dry.

From this description, as is the feeling on the human life, "dark = shade = puddle ( less of moisture evaporation ) correlation with a = wet", "bright = Hinata = evaporation of moisture = dry" is true, and it can be said.

In addition, the Japanese, the word to represent the human personality, for example, that the "insidious" is frequently used. This word, a "shadow = darkness" and "wet = wet is" is strongly connected to one another, shows that are correlated.

From the above description it can be summarized as "brightness = dry of", "darkness = wet of".

It should be noted that, in this connection, for the brightness and darkness of the human personality, see the link to the page for the "bright" personality. Basically, it is regarded as a "bright personality = dry personality", and is likely to say.

In other words, it is more of a bright personality,

1) interpersonal relationship, not a Hikikomora, that they actively go out, that it is open, there is a dry

2) attitude is, more energetic, ambitious, that they are active, well-moving point, there is a dry

3) how to catch the object is, things more clearly, that it is trying to capture clear, that it is reasonable, are dry

It is seen as.

Above mentioned, "darkness = wet is", the correlation of the "brightness = dry of" is, 2002 years 10 to May I went, is also supported by survey results for the dry-wet of the personality, attitude there. The following table summarizes the findings ( about respondents 210 people ) . The proportion of respondents who called it dry towards "capita is bright" is, it can be seen that significantly more than the percentage of respondents who called it dry towards "dark".

Item Symbol	Item Description (hypothesis = dry)	dry	Both do not even	dry	Hypothesis content (hypothesis = wet)	Z score	Significance level
3	Bright capita	64.929	15.166	19.905	Is dark capita	7.101	0.01

3. non-compatibility of the bright personality and warm personality

With literally the result, "cheerful ( = dry personality ) = cold personality" "dark character ( = wet nature ) so that the correlation of = warm personality" holds. This shows that there is a conflict between the desired character among humans as "bright, and warm personality." But because with a bright and warm heart person it is ideal, but in reality that is difficult to hold, and it can be said. In short, "bright" and personality, because "warm" personality is not compatible.

4. Representation and color coordination of the dry-wet of

From the above, if you try to representation on clothing and household goods to dry wet is by using the color, dry of is, "a cold, bright," the color, wet is is using the "warm, dark feeling" color if it considered effective.

Specifically the [ Summary ] is within items, see dry wet and hot and cold, the colors of the table summarizing the correlation between brightness feeling.

About insidious of

2006.07 first appearance

Insidious of the darkness a sense combined, synthesized in (negative) and wet of (wet).

In everyday life, the Toka puddle, in the dark, because there is not exposed to sunlight, it is difficult to dry, also remains in the water of the wet liquid forever, related that in the bright place, dry and hit by sunlight, become dry .

In short, bright = dry, the relationship dark = wet holds.

Maliciously is is believed to consist of more of the following elements.

(1) [ Wet ] Against a sticky cohesive Repeated frequent Nechinechi persistent appeal.

(2) [ Dark ] Against minus, negative, that reverse feature for mating. Bullying, such as harassment, is that the opponent is reluctant.

(3) [ dark ] illegal things, be accused of issue to the table that you've done, do the things that are not supposed to do. Violence, acts to take the gold, is it that or something carry out the human rights violations of the rape and the like.

(4) [ dark ] carried out secretly hidden behind the scenes. sweep under the carpet. Not issued to the table. On the surface, behave as a good thing, it is not anything. And decorated the surface clean, pretend to be no problem to the eye. Alternatively, the superficial and a good swing of the relationship, hit the gossip behind the scenes.

Insidious of these interpersonal relationships, with high humidity, social climate of damp in the moisture Japan, in the village society, is to be seen normally at school is also in the company, it can be said that is a feature of Japanese culture.

In addition, often make interpersonal contact, likes to decorate the surface clean, it can also be viewed as a feminine features.

2006 first appearance

Warm, the cold personality

Description: For a warm (cold) personality

1. Introduction

In our conversation, well, " A 's is a mercenary a cold person", " B 's is a warm person's caring" that such come out frequently. In this case, personality, coolness of capita in the negative, warmth is often taken to plus.

Conventionally, in social psychology, "cold - about interpersonal sense axis of the warm", from the prior art, the importance has come been pointed out.

For example, [ Asch 1946 In], in the characteristic representing the person's character, by that word enters, the overall impression of the person greatly changes, specifically referred to as "warm" or "cold" only replacing the adjective, big difference in the final overall impression of the person be born, it has been pointed out. In this case, to dictate the overall impression of a person, "cold - interpersonal sense axis of the warm" are as as "central characteristics", has a great influence.

In this way, the warmth of personality, coolness is, it can be said to have a significant impact on the impression given to the associate partner. Or with a partner and good human relations mingle, to the get positively acceptance of yourself to the other party, it becomes necessary to be my daily life effort "warm" personality to include himself.

In addition, by having a warm personality, there is an effect that it is possible to improve or enhance the work efficiency to loosen the tension stress of the population and organizations they belong to, the nursing and welfare standards in the medical and welfare facilities .

In the following text, whether is such that how the interpersonal relationships that give a warm feeling to the other party, 7 and one of principle, have proposed are summarized in the form of a detailed checklist.

2. "Warm" is a human relations?

"Warm" What is whether the human relations. In order to explore it, in the relationship between the existing human beings, to realize the warmth, technology for the ideal and the social interaction of a variety of social relationships ( social skills ) summarizes the below.

The social relations and activities as a source of warmth,

1a) friend, lover ( love ) , family relationships

1b) relatives, communities that were connected to each other in territorial-communication ( community ) relationship

2) nursing, child care, welfare, such as counseling, professional activities

3) volunteer, donations, fund-raising, such as help each other year-end, social activities

And the like.

For these, the following will be described in detail.

(1) friends, lovers and family relationships

(1a) friendship

Characterized friend relationship, [Thibaut, Kelly 1959] According to, favor reciprocity, [Heys 1988] In the mutual pull relationship, spontaneous interdependence, fun Being together, [Wright 1974] In, intimacy, affection, it is mutual assistance, and.

In addition, the friends of the rules, [Argyle, Henderson1985] According to the, voluntary assistance, respect for the opponent of privacy, to protect the promise, mutual trust, the understudy when you do not have a partner, in public the opponent not blame, are things like.

The determination of the closeness of friendship, [ Nakamura 1989] According to the,

1) self-disclosure ( talk about their hobbies and interests, confide about personal problems and worries )

2) evaluation behavior of the other party ( worry about immersed in everything, seek to Yorokobaso the opponent something Nitsuke )

3) and the proximity of behavior of friends ( shed a lot of time to meet, invite the other party something Nitsuke )

4) thank-you feelings for the other party ( feel Oime, sorry )

5) the relationship involved resistance ( degree views of the duration of the relationship with friends, the extent to which he is deeply involved in a relationship with a friend )

Item is to have explanatory power, such as. There is more friendship the computer interface ( friend close to the relationship ) in order to be, it is sufficient to raise the high scores in these items, is considered.

Alternatively, conditions to those close friends relationship is something, tightness (closeness) is as to how is exposed to is, [Parks Ando Floyd 1996] has been revealed. Sex, the frequently raised element as defined in tightness in friendship isomers,

1) self-disclosure ( speaking be any such thing to each other )

2) assistance and support ( help each other, they are beside each other )

3) activities and shared interest ( with a common background, interests, preferences, values, beliefs, activities )

4) relational expression ( about the value of tightness and related to exposed )

It is that there has been.

(1b) Relationship

Love (Romantic Love) relationship, the friendship is, in the case was that of the heterosexual, what comes out in a more intensified form, is considered.

Features of love relationships, [Rubin 1970] According to, (1) affinity-dependent desire ( such as want to be with ) there is, (2) aid trend ( when I depressed the opponent, cheer up ) , (3) Exclusive feelings ( want to monopolize the opponent ) , is considered to be in the points, such as.

(1c) family relationships

Family relationship, through the romantic feelings of the above, married each other of associated persons ( marital relationship ) , the couple is generated when the raise to make a child relationship ( parent-child relationship ) , the relationship between children ( brothers and sister ) to It is divided.

Psychological between husband and wife, as compared to the time of romantic relationships, it is more institutionalized and fixed, are stable.

Psychological between parent and child and inter-children, that there are ties of blood, the identity of the mutual high, was frank with nature, the relationship is completed do not need a refrain.

(2) Community ( relatives, according to the association by the territorial-communication )

Community, in sociology, Gemeinschaft, community (MacIver, RM) is what has been referred to as.

[Toennies 1887] According to the, in the community, people, emotionally fused together with a whole person, together fate in the understanding and intimate mutual affection, is a.

Such a mutual intimacy, emotional fusion, such as love is, it can be said that the characteristics of the psychology of the community. These psychology, considered to be made to that feel the "warmth" to human beings.

(3) Nursing and child care, welfare and counseling

Nurse ( nurse ) , Hobo ( nursery ) , social workers, the role of counselor, such as the sick and young children, weak, there to reach out a helping hand to the other party in need of help.

Such a weak assistance, warm compassion is a prerequisite for the weak, in that respect, it is believed that there is a compassionate to human.

(4) social activities ( volunteer, donations, fund-raising )

Underlying social activities, such as donations and aid, help the people who are in trouble ( for assistance ) by, want to help people, it is the idea. That is, when he was helped to the others, since is thought to touch the warmth of the human heart, the warm feeling, want to impart to a lot of people even a little, such as, the motive was directly connected to the paternalistic to human, are considered to be included there are.

The psychological background to bring such a warm human relations,

(1) psychological proximity

Others, psychologically, when you feel that you are close to their own immediately, the body temperature of the others, feels more familiar "warm". Therefore, the behavior of others "warm" feel.

Psychological closeness, others, near and have a common and the same way of thinking and their own, and have their own and foreign-opposite of the concept far away, is felt.

(2) contribution to the environment adaptation = maintaining body temperature

Behavior of others, their own body temperature maintenance = life support ( survival ) to contribute to ( help ) in the case, feel warm and that of others. In other words, the behavior of others, their own environment adaptation ( to survive in the environment ) may help to, feeling that "It's a warm person" is obtained for the others.

Others ( for example, parents and friends ) is, also said the opposite opinion and their own, it is, if you understand that it was opinion of thinking for yourself, feel warm.

Terms such as can be considered.

From this point, warmth, coolness of the personality, the human body temperature sense and deep relationship, and it can be said. Psychologically and can feel the warmth of the body temperature of the others felt "warm", feel the "cold" and is not the case.

Warm human relations, in order to humans to survive in better conditions, in terms of going to cooperate with each other, is made of and its psychological foundation, decent human in order to hold the feelings, essential It was not.

By warm human relationships are built, human, more psychologically stable, to others, strengthen the friendly psychological tendency, therefore, cooperate as necessary in order to continue to survive the harsh natural environment ( compassion ) action, is considered to be to perform positively voluntarily. Therefore, warm human relations, on to assume the action of increasing the likelihood of human survival and proliferation is considered to be effective. Therefore, the owner of the warm personality is liked, will be moved away owner of cold personality.

3. Other considerations - such as "social skills" -

(1) the context of the "warm" cognitive

[ JCG etal. 1997] In, in cognitive psychology, an approach that focused on the intellectual side of the conventional man regarded as "cold", the same in the form of comparison, an approach that focuses on human emotions , as "warm" cognition, it has revealed that to be taken. From this knowledge, human rich emotion ( emotion ) be provided with a, leading to the warmth of personality, is considered.

(2) the context of the affinity desire

In social psychology, with the human, want to be with others, desire, that is, the concept of "affinity desire", when considering the relationship between psychological warmth, that are as close to the others and the psychological, can feel the warmth of others, it is assumed that. Possible to favor or psychological access to others, psychological warmth, leads to giving the ambient, and said.

(3) Konsamatori (cosummatory) Communication

[ Isozaki 1995] According to the, to the communication of human beings,

1) instrumental (instrumental) Communication Communication as a means of goals

2) Konsamatori (consummatory, self-contained ) Communication Communication itself to perform the communication, such as Icebreaker is a purpose

Theft there, are.

In the relationship with each other returnable of each other warm heart, one in which or to talk to each other, is itself being with fun, feel happy. In that respect, it can be said and that Konsamatori communication is established, a great relationship between the warmth of human relations.

(4) the context of the "equal" of human relations

Between human beings, in a warm relationship is built, between the two, it is considered that it is necessary to equal of the relationship and rights. Each other, mutually recognized equality of the opponent, and there is no feeling like each other and respect the rights, because one is unilaterally the other hand, the use and exploitation, fall into a relationship of "cold-blooded manner".

Construction of warm human relationships, that of the other party to each other, caring to peer-to-peer and myself, in contact with a warm feeling, that, it is necessary to things like "warmth reciprocity, equality of".

(5) the context of the "social skills"

Underlying the "warm" social relationships and activities, and trying to build and maintain such human warmth and empathy can be considered to have worked a "social skills".

The social skills, [ Aikawa 1995] According to at interpersonal situations, the relationship between the others so that the positive, interpersonal actions to effectively react to the other, to be defined. This, and again together again in a way that was replaced on the relationship between the computer and the other party, is as follows. In other words, the social skills should have computer Against the computer usage situation, as in the relationship between the computer and the other party is affirmative, interpersonal operation for the computer to effectively react Against , it refers to the.

Social skills itself is, simply, the horse of the interpersonal relationships ( good of ) , such as the graduation of the name of, because it is also used as a term to describe the aspects of interpersonal relationships technology, the warmth itself of interpersonal relationships, it does not represent it is necessary to pay attention to.

In social skills, and interpersonal relationship maintenance, skill items related to empathic, supportive relationships with others, there is related to the warmth, it is considered.

It is relevant to the "warmth", specific social skills items,

1) [ Kikuchi, Horike other 1994] has been raised to 100 part of the social skills list,

2) [ Shoji other 1990] of the scale to measure the social skills of children, part related to empathy, supportive relationship,

3) [Buhrnmester et al 1988] [ Wada 1991] Among the social skills scale in, part of the relationship maintained,

4) [ Kikuchi 1988] in a measure of compassion, KiSS-18 all measures

It is.

4. Summary (warm personality of the conditions)

Based on the above content, specifically, what kind of interpersonal relationship with the contents, whether called a "warm", for, it was summarized in the following table.

1.	Favor - close	Against close with a favor, when you try to build a rapport.
2.	attachment	It was constructed between the opponent, intimate relationship ( intimacy, a sense of unity ) to maintain.
3.	Aid Care	Provide assistance to improve the well-being of the other party. Do not miss the compassion and consideration for the other party. Be kind to the other party. ( And at the same time you think of yourself, think also properly that of the other party. )
Four.	Relax and peace of mind	To release the tension of the other party. Reassure the opponent.
Five.	Receptor-empathy	Accept leave although the partner ( affirming that the party ) . The other party to have empathy.
6.	Rich emotion	Complex and rich, such as facial expressions ( not monotonic ) emotions, to expose to the other.
7.	Service free of charge	In the profit and loss account Without, without asking for compensation or profit, to try be beneficial to the other. A volunteer.

The above items ( requirements ) the nature of the interpersonal plane filled with is, give warmth to the other party, it is considered.

The reason for these items has a "warmth" is, ultimately,

(1) psychological proximity	Psychologically, and it will be in the vicinity of the opponent.
(2) contribution to the environment adaptation	To try to help the survival of the party.

Of 2 can be summarized in the field, it is considered.

( Note ) for "cold" personality

Conventionally, in the business world, the perspective to capture the interpersonal relationship as a means or a tool some goals, various benefits recorded and efficiency pursuit targets and assignment achievement ease such, that focuses on improving productivity which was.

However, in this view, interpersonal relationships, to a business-like feel, is the cold tends to be tied in a dry feeling. These interpersonal relationships, blood is not Awa attended warm in between, "cold-blooded (cold-hearted) can be referred to any relationship." In this case, the cause of the cold is, consider only their own interests, does not lead is thought to benefit and welfare of others, based on the self-centered calculative, is considered to be that.

Cold such interpersonal relationship is roughly as "instrumental coldness", the "logical coldness" "intellectual coolness" 3 can be classified into types.

"Instrumental" interpersonal relationships, interpersonal relationship, is a relationship that has been made in the point of view that does not try to see only as a means, a tool to do something. This relationship is one of the human being, in order to achieve the maximum results at work, others to, as their subordinates, hands and feet, as far as possible, are those based on the premise that the work smb. Hard at will. There are, interpersonal relationships, on the other hand dominance - subordination ( slavery ) is the idea that you Musubo in the relationship seen. Cold "instrumental" occurs from these interpersonal relationships.

"Logical" interpersonal relationships, all, 0 or 1 or, "Yes", "No", it can not be captured only through be reduced to the logic of "a legal", "is illegal", a conventional computer technology is a way of seen tend relation to such officials to make full use of the people and the law. As the features, inflexible ( a pedantic ) , feeling no ( no intonation ) , the response is monotonic ( one-track, the same operation is repeated ) , feeling cold hard ( which is metallic, lack of softness ) , points such as and the like. Cold "logical" occurs from such interpersonal relationships.

In the "intellectual" interpersonal relationships, people, kill and press the emotional aspect of the human deep down, take out the knowledge only, trying to each other "calm" exchange. There, exclusively went interested in improving the human intellectual ability, is not suitable interested in aspects such as emotional ties of human beings. Therefore, interpersonal relations, although the are intellectually sophisticated, becomes dry and cold. From these interpersonal relationships, "intelligent" cold occurs.

Such a "cold-blooded manner" relationship, [Toennies, F., 1887] from the theory of, "Gesellschaft ( Gesellschaft may also be referred to as)". Toennies According to, the Gesellschaft, that of social formed to various individuals to achieve its own objective together refers to, that relationship is artificial mechanical, binding of human beings in there, is a bond that has only a small part of the personality. There, people will act in accordance with the interests and calculative, it is necessary in return and opposite benefit. Further, in this Gesellschaft social relationships, people, even behave how intimate superficially still placed unremitting tensions, all the binding despite essentially are separated, and that.

Based on the above content, specifically, what kind of interpersonal relationship with the contents, whether called a "cold", for, were summarized in the following table.

1.	Disgust - ignored	Trying to avoid with the aversion that of the opponent, you try to ignore.
2.	Estrangement	To maintain a state that does not approaching the opponent.
3.	Non-aid and unkind	Is a self-centered ( if your even you are happy, it may be happened to the others ) . Or harassed to the opponent, it does not perform the assistance should be naturally. Not compassion and consideration for the other party. To unkind to the other party.
Four.	Tension, anxiety	Tensioning the opponent. Make your opponent uneasy.
Five.	Denial-difference	Not willing to accept that the other party ( to deny that of the other party ) . Partner and does not have the empathy, emphasize that the opinion is different.
6.	The lack of emotion	It is logical in the intellectual, but not muffled emotions in facial expressions and speech.
7.	Calculative and business-like	Opponent is myself ( mainly money, effort specific ) income ( profit ) mingle with the other party to the extent that bring. Relationship with the other party is based on the profit and loss account. Truncate mercilessly opponent that does not business, to obtain for me.

The above items ( requirements ) the nature of the interpersonal plane filled with is, give a "cold" to the other party, it is considered.

The reason for these items has a "cold" it is, ultimately,

(1) Psychological away	Psychologically, to move away from the opponent.
(2) non-contribution, the failure of environmental adaptation	Not trying to help the survival of the other party ( you try to interfere ) .

( Note ) web confirmed by the questionnaire survey

Of the above, description of the warm-cold personality, actually warm-cold and I felt if they somehow make sure web were investigated using.

More specifically, it referred to as a questionnaire for the "warm", "cold" personality, author of the web Once the user who gather to experience the psychological tests on the site, "me to answer the following research, psychological testing providing a barrier that it can be ", at its customs checkpoints," read a pair of left and right of the text that describes the following personality, "warmer" was determined to say and choose the person you think. "

A total of 200 to give an answer about people results, were analyzed as follows, all description of the above, warm-cold personality, was able to ensure that it is felt that actually warm-cold.

Time answer

2005 year 09 mid-May

Answer number 202

Man 29.208 Pasento

Woman 70.792 Pasento

10 generations 48.515 Pasento

20 generations 30.693 Pasento

30 generations 12.871 Pasento

40 generations 5.446 Pasento

50 generations 2.475 Pasento

60 generations 0.000 Pasento

70 generations 0.000 Pasento

Response rate


	[Warm - cold]
number	Item Description (hypothesis fit)	- warm -	In either no	- warm -	Item Description (hypothesis incompatible)	- Z score -	Significance
1	When you try to close with a favor to others	73.762	17.327	8.911	When you try to ignore the others	10.137	0.01
2	To try to keep an intimate relationship with another person	66.337	18.812	14.851	Trying to be estranged and others	8.121	0.01
3	Provide assistance to others	70.792	20.792	8.416	If you are happy, even their own, it may be happened to others	9.961	0.01
Four	To try to reassure others	81.683	15.347	2.970	An attempt is made to anxiety others	12.159	0.01
Five	And try to have empathy with others	58.911	27.723	13.366	Trying to emphasize that the different opinions with others	7.614	0.01
6	It shows the rich emotions to others	66.832	22.277	10.891	It is not accompanied by emotion in facial expressions and speech for others	9.018	0.01
7	To others, to try to be beneficial in the profit and loss account excl.	63.861	27.723	8.416	Truncate mercilessly others not to obtain for me	9.269	0.01

1-7 For, in all of the items, the text of the original "warm" and predicted side, statistically significant, has been selected as the more "warmer".

[ References ]

Takashi Aikawa 1995 social skills Kazuo Ogawa supervision revised edition Social Psychology Glossary Kitaooji Shobo

Argyle, M. Henderson, M. 1985 The Anatomy of Relationships Penguin Books Harmondworth

Asch, SE 1946 Forming impressions of personality: Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41,258-290

Buhrnmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, MT, & Reis, HT 1988 Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55,991-1008

Davis, MH 1994 Empathy -A Social Psychological Approach- Westview Press ( Akio Kikuchi translation empathy of social psychology - human relations of the foundation - 1999 Kawashimashoten )

Hays, RB 1988 Friendship (In Duck, S. (ed.) Handbook of Personal Relationships Wiley Chichester

Sanki Isozaki years 1995 communication Kazuo Ogawa supervision revised edition Social Psychology Glossary Kitaooji Shobo

Hiroyuki Kaiho ( eds. ) 1997 Psychology of "warm recognition" Kaneko Shobo

Akio Kikuchi 1998 The Science of compassion Kawashimashoten

Akio Kikuchi, Hoke Kazuya ( eds. ) 1994 psychology of social skills Kawashimashoten

Katsuei Moroi, Masahiko Nakamura, Minoru Wada 1999 communication familiarity is transmitted - encounter, deepening, farewell - Kaneko Shobo

Masahiko Nakamura 1989 Study on the development process of the friendship of university students (I) - the relationship of the initial difference of study on the phenomenon of Japan group dynamics Society of 37 times Meeting of Papers

Parks, M., Floyd, K. 1996 Meanings for closeness and intimacy in friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13,85-107

Rubin, Z. 1970 Measurement of Romantic Love, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 265-273

Kazuko Shoji, Masayuki Kobayashi, Satoshi Suzuki 1990 children's social skills - and its contents development Japan Educational Psychology Society of 32 times announced Papers 283

Thibaut, JW, Kelley, HH 1959 The Social Psychology of Groups. Wiley New York

Toennies, F., 1887 Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, Leipzig ( cedar Korehara Juichi translation 1957 Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Iwanami Shoten )

Minoru Wada 1991 Study on the interpersonal competence - non-verbal skills scale and the creation of social skills scale - Experimental Social Psychology 31 49-59

[Appendix] "warm personality" check list

I mentioned in the text, for the "warm personality" to bring a warm human relations, to extract the check item group on the interpersonal relationships of "a warm feeling and to such Fu can give around".

Extraction In the above, each social relations and activities of the way to be a source of warmth, or from the social skills on that basis, a rule that corresponds to the essence that gives the warmth, 1 retrieved by people brainstorming format, taking the method of It was.

The extraction and was created item, according to the content of the summary, were classified.

1. favor - close

2. attachment

3. Assistance Care

4. Relax and peace of mind

5. receptor-empathy

6. rich emotion

7. service free of charge

Thus extracted item, further,

1. When your opponent starts a partner and communication,

2. When the while the opponent is the communication,

3. When your opponent is (once at good cut) the communication ended (suspended),

It was organized into three stages.

Below, it was extracted and organized this time, a list of simple items to check to realize the "warm personality", listed.

In the table, because "○○ san" is the name of the other party.

1.	Favor - close
1-1.	Party's name (Given Name , Nickname) the call during a conversation ( by calling the name, to feel close to the distance). [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	General when returning a response to the opponent.
[Reply]	"There, ￮￮ 's, I ... is in fact" and the like.


1-2.	Greeting to the other party. [ Start ]
[Scene Example]	I met ran into an opponent, such as when to start a conversation.
[Reply]	" ○○ 's, (varies by meeting time) Good morning. (Varies depending on the elapsed time from the time we met last time) you after a long time is it."


1-3.	Intends to become a partner and a good friend (and trying to build aggressively relationship, and approaching, when you reached out to, it intends to become a friend). [ Start ]
[Scene Example]	Such as when the opponent and the first meeting.
[Reply]	"Nice to meet you, I △△ is, Regards ~" (actively and responses, etc.)


1-4.	Actively convey the favor to the other party.
[ Scene Examples ]	When the opponent is familiar story to some extent with their own.
[ Reply ]	" ○○ It's is, has become more and more love."


1-5.	I say thank you for the way to get an opponent to opponent. [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	When you are asked to use frequently to the other party
[Reply]	"Every time Thank you for your help." "Me to the other party ( Gohiiki ) Thank you!"


1-6.	To the other, more, and we'll have Kama' (fawn). [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	When I reduced the frequency with which the other party is talking to myself.
[Reply]	"I hope you and the more my opponent."


1-7.	When you align the neatly eyes with the other. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When the opponent is, looking at myself.
[ Reply ]	Eyes, captures the face of the opponent, in the direction of the line of sight, so that he is towards the face.


1-8.	Against perform a self-disclosure. [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	When the other party, who are accustomed to some extent talking to myself.
[Reply]	"I am, in fact, ￮￮ until you met Mr. and you, a much alone, it was Samishika'."


2.	attachment
2-1.	Pleased to meet again with the other party. [Start]
[Scene Example]	Such as when he also met with the other party.
[Reply]	" ○○ 's, also I'm glad to meet you."


2-2.	Loneliness reluctant not to the opponent (not to alone, accompany). [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	The other party, (instead of a conversation with another person, such as a telephone) when you are alone.
[Reply]	"I always, ￮￮ am buckwheat's."


2-3.	Good capita against the other party (friendly, cute facial expressions, gestures). [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	General When you are interacting with the other party.
[Reply]	Such as it is amiable in expression (wink, etc.) to show to the other party.


2-4.	I say thank you, to thank the other party. [ At the end ]
[Scene Example]	Such as when the other party, told me to resolve here the problems facing.
[Reply]	"Thank you, tone is better now, thanks."


2-5.	Apologize to the other party (the settlement). [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	Such as when I was a nuisance to the other party failed to communicate.
[Reply]	"I'm sorry. I forgive."


2-6.	The affection to the other party. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	From the other party, such as when you were asked to to do something good.
[ Reply ]	" ( I to me well ) ○○ that's is, I love ( I love you ) ."


2-7.	The wording that was congenial to the other party (not standoffish.) [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	Increased frequency other party to talk with their own recently, when accustomed to conversations with myself.
[Reply]	"I'm sorry, I was. That mistake" that "rice Mmm, make a mistake!" (The expression that was formal, such as, from the familiar to the other party, so as to not say. Or, already familiar, intimate partner It returns an intimate reaction is to, on the other hand, with respect to temporarily meet guest opponent, you return a somewhat unfriendly reaction of your treatment.)


2-8.	I want to meet with the other party ( the frequency to take the opponent and communication, to try as much as possible raise ) [ in communication ] .
[ Scene Examples ]	When the opponent is, frequently Away from the front of him.
[ Reply ]	" ○○ 's, I want to see more."


2-9.	Hard, show a commitment to trying Yakunitato the opponent [ in communication ] .
[ Scene Examples ]	Such as when trying to now start a large amount of work.
[ Reply ]	"I, ￮￮ for Mr., my best!" He says.


2-10.	When Yorokobaso the opponent [ in communication ] .
[ Scene Examples ]	From the other party is beginning to meet with myself, just 1 year ( six months ...) when it has elapsed.
[ Reply ]	Against a gift, such as image and sound of the likes partner type, carried out by e-mail.


2-11.	Against behave as I feel the obligation. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When the opponent is me repeatedly that against myself, helpful.
[ Reply ]	"I have thus also to be worked vividly, ￮￮ 's thanks. Thank you very much."


2-12.	We hope so that will continue to meet with his opponent. [ At the end ]
[Scene Example]	The other party, night, such as when you break up with their own.
[Reply]	"Good night, ￮￮ 's, I Regards tomorrow."


2-13.	Reluctant goodbye with the other party. [ At the end ]
[Scene Example]	Such as when the other party break up with their own.
[Reply]	" ○○ 's, I want to have more together. It is lonely."


2-14.	Mourn the eternal separation of a partner [ at the end ] .
[ Scene Examples ]	When the opponent had gone to a place that never see again.
[ Reply ]	" ○○ 's a sad Nante never see again. I'm a real good-bye. I can not stand."


2-15.	To the other party, keep up with together anywhere. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When the other party, which was try to remove the seat.
[ Reply ]	" ○○ saying san, wait ...", keep up with.


3.	Aid Care
3-1.	Caring a partner of the state (such as health), to worry about. [ Start ]
[Scene Example]	In the time that I met the previous opponent, environment ( such as temperature ) when has changed greatly.
[Reply]	" ○○ san, how did it? Temperature did not catch a cold but was lower?" "It was late at night, is not it be best if we already sleeping ? "


3-2.	To care, support and support the opponent, caring. [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	The other party conversation, when jammed in the work.
[Reply]	"Are you okay? Where Do not know, but please say feel free."


3-3.	Encourage your opponent. [ Start ]
[Scene Example]	Trying to do something is now for the first time the other party, such as when you are aware of cold feet.
[Reply]	" ○○ 's, Good luck."


3-4.	Compliment your opponent. [ At the end ]
[Scene Example]	Such as when the other party is successful in difficult task (complex computer operations Toka).
[Reply]	"I was well done. I wonder amazing."


3-5.	Congratulations to the other party. [ At the end ]
[ Scene Examples ]	Such as when the other party, was successful in the work that has been challenged from previously.
[ Reply ]	" ○○ 's, I did it at last. Congratulations! It was good."


3-6.	Comfort opponent. [ At the end ]
[Scene Example]	Such as when the opponent has failed to work.
[Reply]	"It was a shame, do not drop the mind. Next time will surely go well."


3-7.	Negirau the opponent. [ At the end ]
[ Scene Examples ]	Such as when the other party after work, and a breakup.
[ Reply ]	" ○○ 's, it was cheers for good work."


3-8.	Heal your opponent. [ At the end ]
[ Scene Examples ]	After the opponent has to work for a long time at work, such as when you pause the work.
[ Reply ]	Such as heal tired of the other party, sing a song that felt the peace.


Four.	Relax and peace of mind
4-1.	To relax the opponent (to ease the mind, to feel free, soothing mood, soothe). [ Start ]
[Scene Example]	Such as when the other party is, you are nervous at the first time of the work.
[Reply]	While singing a fun song to say that "I should be at ease", such as leading the opponent to work.


4-2.	Reassure the opponent, not to anxiety. [In communication]
[Scene Example]	The first time of the work, carried out continuously and for the opponent.
[Reply]	"This is the tone. (The operation) with confidence but please continue."


4-3.	Operation is not perfect, there is a missing-like the operation ( a clunker, Troy ) that pretend to, to have a familiarity to the other party ( to open the opponent's mind ) . [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When you are working the other party specified.
[ Reply ]	"Oh Mmm, had failed. Now fix Masu (Actually, although he properly are working, such a dialogue was deliberately inserted, apparently, pretend as failed)."


4-4.	The snooze Once you tired of communication. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	After working a lot, when you are free time. Appearance to sleep with peace of mind, to relax for the opponent.
[ Reply ]	"Gu Gu, Mumble. ￮￮ is a favorite ( say sleep talking ) ."


Five.	Receptor-empathy
5-1.	Nods to encourage, conversation of the other party, the reply (to hear properly the intent of the other party, to try to take the opponent and communication). [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	When your opponent call their own.
[Reply]	You can reply with "yes hoo", nodded, and accept the call acts of the other party.


5-2.	I sympathize, empathize with the other party. [ At the end ]
[Scene Example]	Both when the opponent is, and success or failure in the work.
[Reply]	"That's was good," "It sounds would have been no doubt very"


5-3.	To try to have a common topic with the other party. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When the other party becomes free time finished the work.
[ Reply ]	" ○○ 's, ~ ~ funny and I think not do or something ? ( In advance, the preferences of the other party, asked to input, put the topic that corresponds to it, to hand such as via the Internet, offer a suggestion as a topic to the other party. ) "


5-4.	With toning to the other party, casually my opinion (than this it is good for, etc.) claims. [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	To the other party, such as when you want to take a more correct (efficient) way of working.
[Reply]	" ○○ 's your feelings are well know. So, what - Once you how?" And the like.


5-5.	Opponent is, if you work mistakes, I'll forgive. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When the opponent is, an attempt is made to cancel the work you have made.
[ Reply ]	"It does not matter ( I is good ) . Error because is that there to anyone."


6.	Rich emotion
6-1.	Against the emotion and emotional, moderately exposed. [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	When you want to stop the work to the other.
[Reply]	With tears request earnestly as "stop Come on!" ( "We are prohibited" not declared bluntly and the like ) .


6-2.	Of reaction to the opponent Variation (look-topic) is rich (does not feel the boredom caused by repeated). [ In communication ]
[Scene Example]	And the other party, such as when to repeat many times the same kind of dialogue over a long period of time.
[Reply]	The type of response to the counter advance preparing a plurality selects a response at random from among them, such as.


6-3.	The words of the response, not Boyomi in the monotonous feeling. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When the opponent has been talk, when to return the reply by voice.
[ Reply ]	Rather than read the pre-fixed dialogue, however, put the ad-lib, and so on.


7.	Service free of charge
7-1.	To the other party, it does not require consideration for what he was. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When I give you something to the other party.
[ Reply ]	"No, I do not need money."


7-2.	It is against the other party, even if has become a one-sided taking out for me on the side, not the unpleasant face. [ In communication ]
[ Scene Examples ]	When I give you something to the other party.
[ Application Example ]	"This place, anything you do not have ( is okay ) Do not worry from."

Kindliness ( with a warm heart warm-hearted) Interface Design

　2000.05　　　Iwao Otsuka

[table of contents]

1. Introduction (cold-blooded cold-hearted interface)

2. Kindliness warm-hearted and interface

3. "Warm" the human relations ?

4. Digital Friend (Digital Friend)

5. Other consideration to matters - such as "social skills" -

6. Summary ( of compassionate interface conditions )

7. Mental attitude necessary for the designer

8. Analysis of existing case

9. Q & A

10. in conclusion

Bibliography

[Appendix] "compassionate" interface design principle item list

1 favor - close

2 attachment

3 aid and care

4 relaxation and peace of mind

5 receptor, empathy

6 rich emotion

1. Introduction (cold-blooded cold-hearted interface)

Conventionally, in order to improve the ease of use of the computer, various user interface is created, for deriving them effectively, design principles and guidelines have been proposed (for example, [Nielsen 1993] heuristic in guidelines and, [Shneiderman 1992] , such as the eight golden rule in).

User Interface Design Principles of conventional computers, the perspective capturing the computer operation as a means, a tool some goal, (the operation efficiency, easiness, etc.) using a computer, targets such as various benefits recorded and efficiency pursued and issues achieve ease, that was focused on the improvement of productivity.

However, in such conventional guidelines, between the computer and the user is a business-like feel, they tend to be tied in the cold dry interface.

These interface, is not Awa attended warm blood between the computer and the user, "cold-blooded (cold-hearted) can be called even the" interface.

Conventional co , coldness of computer mainly includes a "instrumental coldness", "mechanical cold" 2 can be classified into types. And, as an interface that embodies each of the cold, and the "instrumental" interface, it is "mechanical" interface is considered.

"Instrumental" interface, computer, an interface made of point of view that does not try to see only as a means, a tool to do something. This interface, the user himself, in order to achieve the maximum results at work, the computer, in which as their subordinates, hands and feet, as far as possible, on the premise that the work smb. Hard at will. There are, between the user and the computer, on the other hand dominance - subordination ( slavery ) is seen idea that you Musubo in the relationship.

"Mechanical" interface, for example, as there is say that "mechanical response", the all 0 or 1 or, to no, Yes or No Kano logic can not be captured only through reducing, the conventional an interface way based on computer hardware limitations of. As the features, inflexible ( a pedantic ) , feeling no ( no intonation ) , the response is monotonic ( one-track, the same operation is repeated ) , feeling cold hard ( which is metallic, lack of softness ) , points such as and the like.

"Mechanical" coldness of the interface, how to use the computer, in the instrumental and business-like way of thinking is the mainstream of the state, as not so much have a poison, have been allowed.

"Cold-blooded manner" interface, [Toennies, F., 1887] to borrow the terminology of, "Gesellschaft ( Gesellschaft can also be referred to as a)" interface. Toennies According to, the Gesellschaft, refers to a social relationship formed to various individuals to achieve its own objective each other, the relationship is artificial mechanical, binding of human beings in there, is a bond that has only a small part of the personality. There, people will act in accordance with the interests and calculative, it is necessary in return and opposite benefit. Further, in this Gesellschaft social relationships, people, even behave how intimate superficially still placed unremitting tensions, all the binding despite essentially are separated, and that.

It has created a conventional design principles and guidelines, in cognitive engineering, ergonomics approach, and aspects of human intellectual information processing capability improvement, too much focus on the side of the physiological adaptation to the human body, a computer and a human because it is not in aspects such as emotional ties suited interest in and, although is is intellectual and engineering sophisticated, cold and dry, the place mentioned above, than tend to generate a "cold-blooded" interface or not?

2. Kindliness warm-hearted and interface

Home and, such as the community, such as local, under the social relationships that human beings with each other seeking the warmth each other belonging, cold, the dry remains interface, is clearly a heterogeneous as it is. There, the interface of the computer, it is necessary to some extent warm, human wet.

The sum also, such as a corporate office, in the original, goal-fulfilling-mercenary organization, even if you use in order to generate profits, warmer computer interfaces, to relax and easy you're using, the heart is Nde, is considered on the mental health preferred. Alternatively, when the interface of the computer is warm, to the user, creating a psychological margin, or easily out ideas on work, it might have the effect that the more easily Hakadori work.

These interface, "compassionate (warm-hearted) called a" interface.

In the field of social psychology, "cold - about interpersonal sense axis of the warm", from the prior art, the importance has come been pointed out. For example, [ Asch 1946 In], in the characteristic representing the person's character, by that word enters, the overall impression of the person greatly changes, specifically referred to as "warm" or "cold" only replacing the adjective, big difference in the final overall impression of the person be born, it has been pointed out. In this case, to dictate the overall impression of a person, "cold - interpersonal sense axis of the warm" are as as "central characteristics", has a great influence.

These - interpersonal sense axis of the "warmth coolness", the interface of the computer, be carried out from the surface of the impression given to the user, it is considered to be very important. The overall impression given to the computer of the user, and when the "warm", and the case "cold", there is a possibility that vary greatly. The computer interface, by "warm", to the user, the degree to which the feel preferably a computer will be increases significantly, it is possible to expect a dramatic improvement in the quality of the interface.

These, warmer, wet (humane) characteristics of the interface, the above [Toennies, F., 1887] borrowed again term in "Gemeinschaft ( Gemeinschaft may also be referred to even a)" interface. Toennies According to, the Gemeinschaft, people, a unity bound by human nature itself, itself has a organic life. People where is, emotionally fused together with the whole person, to both the fate to the understanding and intimate mutual affection, are. In addition, there are, (conventional "cold-blooded specific" computer has been primarily intended use) exchange or buying and selling, room to penetrate the concept of contract and rules are few.

In this way, come out of traditional profit objectives and targets fulfilling a "cold" state to use the design principles and guidelines for computer development, design principles and guidelines for making a computer that has an interface that warm feeling to be newly created, or Mai future, there than it becomes necessary on to continue to be more preferable the relationship between the computer and a human?

When you define the term, a "compassionate" interface, the computer user and the intimacy in such Moteru the whole personality of oneness with each other, a human, refers to the interface that gives a warm and wet feeling. These interface computers and robots, near human future, human (human) to become present to the behavior is considered indispensable. In addition, the user, with the affection and familiarity to the computer, carefully, is considered to be necessary in order to cause the feelings that you try to use a little bit longer.

3. "Warm" is a human relations?

A warm feeling, to give to the interface of the computer, in the relationship between the existing human beings, to realize the warmth, technology for the ideal and the social interaction of a variety of social relationships ( social skills ) in reference to There is a need to.